棉织物的纤维素酶整理及其服用性能的模糊评判

【作者】 李昕；

【导师】 吴赞敏； 宋广礼；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会进步和文明的发展，人类对于环境和自身健康的关注程度在不断提高，而纺织品作为衣食住行四宗之首，对于其制造过程及穿着过程中所带来的污染和危害也有了一定认识。传统的棉织物柔软整理中，常常使用柔软剂等化学药品，危害人体健康，并对环境造成严重的污染。随着人们环保、健康意识的增强，这种化学整理的方法将会受到严格的限制。因此，开发生态纺织品及研制绿色整理技术具有重要意义，酶处理被认为是有可能替代传统化学整理方法的有效途径之一。酶是生物催化剂，具有作用条件温和、催化效率高、专一性强、无污染等优点。酶在纺织工业中的应用由来已久，应用的范围涉及前处理、后整理和染色等工序，并且在纺织工业中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。本文主要研究了纤维素酶对棉织物的整理工艺，对整理后棉织物的物理机械性能、热湿舒适性能等综合服用性能的影响情况进行了探讨，对纤维素酶对棉织物的作用机理进行分析和进一步验证，并采用模糊数学和专家系统相结合的方法，对织物服用性能的综合评价提出了自己的看法。 本文首先对来自不同产地的纤维素酶进行筛选，优选出两种纤维素酶，分别是液体纤维素酶Cellusoft L和固体纤维素酶WM，作为实验用酶对棉织物进行处理；对整理工艺进行优化，纤维素酶Cellusoft L的最佳整工艺为：pH值=5.0 温度(T)=50℃ 时间(t)=50min 酶用量(owf)=4％ 浴比L.R=1：20；纤维素酶WM的最佳整理工艺为：pH值=5.5 温度(T)=50℃时间(t)=60min 酶用量(owf)=4％ 浴比L.R=1：20；运用灰色关联理论对纤维素酶处理的工艺参数进行分析，结果表明，影响棉织物减量率的因素由大到小依次为处理时间、酶处理液的pH值、温度和纤维素酶的用量，这一结果对合理制定纤维素酶处理的工艺条件具有重要意义。 本文对纤维素酶整理后棉织物的物理机械性能、热湿舒适性能等综合服用性能的变化情况进行了较系统、较全面的研究。实验结果表明，棉织物经纤维素酶处理后，可以明显改善手感风格，使织物结构清晰，布面光洁，柔软度和悬垂性提高，吸湿、散湿性能增加，并且，在适当的酶处理工艺条件下，减量率控制在3％—5％，织物的强力损失一般均小于10％，仍能保持织物应有的使用性能。 棉织物经纤维素酶处理后，纤维素大分子链断裂，潜在醛基增多，铜值随天滓工六大曹二零零一吸硕士研究生毕弃恰我之升高，说明纤维素酶处理使棉纤维受到明显的化学损伤，这与红外谱图定性分析的结果相一致，并且与纤维素酶处理对棉的机械性能的影响结果相符合。X一射线衍射图像表明，纤维素酶水解反应也涉及到纤维的晶区，且按照对微晶表面纤维素大分子链和链端的水解机理进行，酶水解对纤维的晶区和无定形区的水解是同步进行的，并没有显著产生可及的、低侧序度区域的增加。扫描电子显微镜(s EM)观察的结果表明，纤维素酶处理会使棉纤维横截面溶胀，表面被剥蚀，并且产生沿纤维轴向的裂缝和孔洞，从而能赋予酶处理后的棉织物一系列有价值的服用性能。紫外谱图和高效液相色谱分析法，进一步验证了纤维素酶的作用方式是切断纤维素大分子链，催化水解生成纤维素二糖等低聚糖，最终水解生成葡萄糖的结论。 本文还运用模糊数学和专家系统的有关知识，开发了一种新型的用于织物服用性能综合评价的模糊专家系统。本系统是一类智能性的计算机程序，具有很大的灵活性，可以不断进行知识的更新和系统参数的调整，以适应不同的需求;模糊专家综合评判系统，解决了用单一性能指标进行评价时所产生的分散性及可比性差的问题，具有很好的实用价值，使之成为纺织专家和普通用户进行织物评判的有利助手，并且促进数学和计算机科学在纺织工业中的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of society and civilization, people more and more focus on the environment and health of their own. Textile is in the first place in people’s basic needs- cloths ,food, house and transportation. People have recognized the pollution and harmness caused by textile in the process of manufacturing and wearing. Softness agent is often used in traditional softness finishing of cotton fabrics, which is harm to people’s health and causes seriously environmental pollution. It is of significance to develop environmental-friendly finishing techniques of cotton fabric. Enzymatic treatments are considered to be one of the efficiency methods that possibly substitute the Chemical. Enzymes are biocatalysts which have the advantage, such as moderate reacting conditions, high catalyzing efficiency and selectivity, and no pollution etc.. The application of enzymes in textile industry is long-standing, which involves in pretreatment, finishing and dying processes, and nowadays it is playing more and more important role. This thesis mainly described the processing of finishing on cotton fabric, the effect of physical or mechanical properties as well as heat and wet-comfortable properties, and the mechanism of cellulase on cotton fibre, etc.. Using the theory of Fuzzy sets and Expert system, this paper evaluated wearability of fabric treated by cellulase.At first, in this subject, Cellulase L and WM were selected to treat cotton fabrics for softness finishing. We studied the characters of cellulase, optimized technological conditions. The results show optimized technological conditions, Cellusoft L: pH value =5.0 Temperature T=50℃ Time t=50min Concentration of cellulase (owf) =4% L.R=1 : 20; Cellusoft WM: pH value =5.5 Temperature T=50℃ Time t=60min Concentration of cellulase (owf) =4% L.R=1 : 20. And the Gray Correlation Theory is applied to analysis of the processing parameters in cotton treatments by cellulase. The results show that the factors influencing the weight loss of the fabric, from large to small, are treating time, pH value, temperature and the concentration of cellulase. The Gray Correlation analysis plays an important role in determining the parameters of cotton treatments by cellulase.This thesis systemly discussed the physical and mechanical properties, heat and wet-comfortable properties of cotton fabric treated by cellulase. The results show that the benefits of cellulase treatment include prevention of fuzz and pills, increased smoothness and softness, increased luster and superior color brightness, improvedhandle and drapeability, and fashionable wash-down effects. In addition, the loss in strength of fabrics is less than 10% if the weight loss is confined in 3%-5% after cellulase treatment, and it is still considered acceptable for use performance.In the process of cotton fibres treated with cellulase, the enzymatic treatments cause significant increasement in coppor number, so the enzymatic treatment creates obvious chemical damages of cotton, and the result is consistent with the result from IR. Since the percentage crystallinity and accessibility of cotton were slightly altered by cellulase treatment, it appears likely that cellulase enzyme attacks the fibres at an accessible cellulose chain on the crystallite surface. By SEM, it was observed that cotton fibres treated with cellulase are developed of cracks in the axis direction, and increased surface peeling and large pores. It is advantageous to the useful performance of fabrics treated with cellulase. In addition, UV and HLPC further confirm that the endo component first clips a cellulose chain by cleaving internal glucosidic bonds; this is followed by the production of cellobiose from the nonreducing end of the chains by the exocomponent. The final step would be production of glucose from cellobiose by cellobiase.This paper also used Fuzzy sets and Expert system to develop a tool for evaluating the whole properties of fabrics. This system is an intellectual computer procedure, which has great flexibility. It ca更多还原