【作者】 汪海成；

【导师】 郭振邦；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，海洋开发飞速发展，海底管道作为一种输送油气的重要载体，由于所处的海洋环境非常复杂，将面临各种各样的风险。其中一项重要的风险就是遭受物体的撞击，而撞击管道的各种载荷多是不确定的。由于撞击可能造成管道的损坏，而海底管道检查维护、日常管理极不方便，一旦出了事故，修复极为困难，因此对它进行偶然性载荷作用下的安全分析是非常必要的。本文根据“DNV-RP-F107”提出的评估思想，讨论了起重机作业时坠落物体、船舶撞击立管、锚泊作业等三种最主要的偶然性载荷对管道的撞击问题，利用概率论理论处理撞击事件发生的概率，利用凹痕—能量关系及能量带方法处理撞击能量，建立了撞击能量和故障概率之间的关系以及撞击能量与破损等级之间的关系，进而建立起故障概率与破损等级之间的关系，以此作为处理管道遭受撞击问题的基础，进行风险评估，并对各种碰撞风险提供了建议的改进措施。最后，本文使用 C++ Builder 及 SQL Server 语言，编制了该评估程序的应用软件，并通过 DNV-RP-F107 中的实例加以验证，计算结果表明，该软件是正确可靠的，研究成果具有一定的工程实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the ocean exploitation develops very fast, as an important meansof transporting ocean oil and gas, offshore pipeline is subjected to all kinds of risksdue to the complex ocean environment. One of the most important risks is beingimpacted by objects, in most cases, the load is hard to determine. Impact may result inthe damage of pipes and because it is very hard to check、maintain、and operate theoffshore pipelines. Once an accident happens, it is extremely difficult to repair.Therefore it is very necessary to carry the safe analysis under accidental loads. According to the evaluation thoughts put forward by “DNV- RP- F107”, thepaper discusses three main accidental loads such as falling object when a liftis working、ship impacting riser and anchor impacting pipelines. Probability theory isused to deal with happening probabilities of hitting affairs; dent-energy relationshipand energy belt method are used to handle the impact energy. Relationship betweenimpacting energy and failure probabilities and relationship between impacting energyand breakage grade are set up to construct the relationship between failureprobabilities and breakage grade which is the base used to evaluate the risk ofimpacting affairs. Suggesting measures are given to decrease all kinds of the impactrisks. At last, the paper use C++ Builder and SQL Server computer language to writeapplied software of the compute procedure. The software is verified with an examplein DNV- RP- F107 and the computing result expresses that the software is dependable.The research is very valuable to the engineering practice.更多还原