中国博士后制度的制度分析

【作者】 刘丹华；

【导师】 王沛民；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中国博士后制度是借鉴国外培养优秀人才的经验，结合中国国情创立的一项培养和使用高级人才的制度。这一制度对培养高水平的科研、管理人才；促进人才合理流动，促使人才脱颖而出；促进学术交流，加强科学研究力量以及促进产学研结合等方面发挥了独特的、不可替代的重要作用，并已成为中国实施人才战略和高层次人才队伍建设的重要组成部分。 随着社会主义市场经济体制和博士后事业的发展，整个博士后制度所赖以存在的外部条件发生了巨大变革，这突出表现在中央政府的财政资金投入已经不再占主导地位，而让位于社会中的教育、科技和企业共同参与的结构。然而，对于这项事业的管理仍然延续十多年前形成以行政管制主的制度模式。这种结构性变迁使政府部门在计划经济体制下形成的传统的管理方式、工作手段和教育资金，已经很难适应中国国情和对博士后事业的期待。 本论文试图通过对中国博士后制度现状，尤其是管理方式和教育投资，分析博士后工作中各种因素以及彼此关系，并通过对西方发达国家博士后状况的比较研究，结合中国建立社会主义市场经济体制的环境背景和中国国情，形成建立中国博士后制度新的运行机制应遵循的指导思想和发展模式。 本文认为，只有逐渐放松对于博士后事业的行政管制，以备案制代替审批制，由服务型逐渐代替管理，才能促使博士后制度的参与各方建立基于科研奖励系统的自治管理制度和规范。其中，为博士后研究人员建立社会保障制度和体系，消除博士后人员所面临的基本风险，同时改革政府对于博士后事业的投入模式，增加投入数量，开拓多种形式的资金来源和投入方式，加强各方面充分信任和信息沟通是博士后制度转型的根本方向。 本文的根本创新之处在于，中国博士后制度的转型不能着眼于强化政府的行政管制和仅从增加政府财政资金投入的角度出发，而是要以建立各方充分积极参与的自治管理制度为出发点，最终建立具有充满活力的自发秩序模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on other countries’ experience of cultivating excellent talents, Postdoctoral system of China aims to bring up and make full use of advanced talents in China according to its special situation of Chinese characteristics. It takes a particular and indispensable effect in producing advanced scientific and administrative talents, in helping the development and advisable communications of talents, in accelerating the study of science and its intercommunication, in promoting the combination of production and research. This system has played an essential part in China’s human resource strategy and its cultivation of advanced talents.With the development of socialistic market economy and postdoctoral course, the external condition on which the postdoctoral system relies has changed a lot. Financing of the central government no longer takes a dominant role, and instead, educational forces, scientific organizations, and enterprises in the society work together to improve its development. However, its administration keeps the same as that of over ten years ago. Such a traditional management pattern can hardly adjust itself to the current situation and the development of China’s postdoctoral course.This thesis gives a tentative study of the current situation of China’s postdoctoral system, especially its administration and financing, analyzing various factors affecting the postdoctoral course and their interactive relationships. Based on a comparative study of China’s postdoctoral system and that of those developed western countries’, this thesis tries to develop an instructive guide for the development of China’s postdoctoral system in response to the social background of China’s socialistic market economy and its current situation.It is pointed out in this thesis that only by gradually releasing the administrative control of postdoctoral course, and having management replaced by service, could we promote all involved parts of postdoctoral system to build up an autonomous management system based on the encouragement of scientific research. Above all, social insurance system should be established for postdoctoral researchers to eliminate their potential worries and the government should increase financing the postdoctoral course by exploiting various funding resources and investment patterns. It is principle to strengthen interaction of all sides to add to their trust in one another.The innovative idea given in this thesis is that reform of China’s postdoctoral system cannot rely too much on the strengthening of government’s administration as well as the increase of financing of government. Instead, it is advisable that all involved sides give hands to set up an autonomous system, which aims at the establishment of an active voluntary pattern.更多还原