【作者】 王洋；

【导师】 聂刘旺；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 动物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 稀土是指原子序数从57到71的镧系元素以及与其同族的钪和钇，共有17个元素。我国稀土资源丰富，储量居世界首位。由于稀土具有独特的结构和性能，因而在工农业生产和日常生活等领域有大量的应用。伴随着稀土元素广泛地进入环境，因而不可避免地将通过食物链进入人体。稀土元素在生物体内的积累及其可能对人体健康造成的影响，已引起人们的普遍关注。本研究内容分为两部分：(一)采用电感耦合等离子质谱技术研究了生物体摄入轻稀土元素镧和重稀土元素钇后在不同组织器官的分布规律，同时测定了经稀土元素处理后的生物体的早期生物量，并就稀土元素的摄入量与组织器官内的积累量进行了相关性分析。结果表明生物体对稀土元素有明显的积累现象，进入生物体的稀土元素可在机体内运移并形成新的分布。(二) 采用小鼠骨髓细胞微核检测技术研究了稀土元素镧对微核率的影响，同时采用体外培育技术和紫外分光光度法研究了镧对基因组DNA的断裂作用，结果表明一定浓度的镧能引起微核率显著升高，并可导致基因组DNA的断裂以及结构的改变。显示一定浓度的稀土元素镧具有明显的遗传毒性。本研究为探讨稀土元素在生物体内积累、运移、分布的规律及其遗传毒理效应提供了实验证据。同时也为制定稀土环境卫生标准和开发应用稀土的安全性评价提供了科学的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rare earth elements (REEs) consist of lanthanide series with atomic numbers from 57 to 71, as well as Scandium(atomic number 21) and Yttrium(atomic number 39). REEs comprise seventeen elements in all. There are abundant rare earth resources in China and her rare earth reserves rank the first in the world. Due to the specific structure and properties of REEs, they have been increasingly used in industry and agriculture as well as in our daily life. When REEs widely enter into environment and human body inevitably, peoples begin to pay more attention to the accumulation of REEs in organism and the effect on the health of human body, This research consists of two parts: In the first part, the distributing rule of La and Y in different tissues and organs were studied by adopting Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer after organism absorbed it. In addition, the early biomass of organism, which had been dealt with REEs, were measured .At the same time, the relationship between the REEs accumulation and the organic absorbance were analyzed. The results shows: organism can accumulate REEs obviously. After entered into the organism, REEs can move and form a new distributing. In the second part, the influences of La on micronucleus rate were observed by using the rat marrow cell micronucleus test. And the cleavage action of La on genome DNA were studied too. The results manifest that a certain concentration of La can increase micronucleus rate obviously and induce the cleavage action and structural change of genome DNA. Thus, La presents a certain genotoxicity. Our research provides experiment evidence for the study of the accumulation, the movement, the distributing in organism and the genotoxicity of REEs. Moreover, this research can also provide scientific evidence for establishing environmental sanitation standard and evaluating the security of application of REEs.更多还原