【作者】 董海荣；

【导师】 刘加平；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展，人口的增长，人们生活水平的日益提高，人类对能源的需求量也在不断的增加。而中国正如世界各国一样，正面临着能源短缺的危机，而且能源的浪费又造成环境的污染，空气质量的下降。其中，建筑作为一个耗能大户，世界各国纷纷提出相应建筑节能措施。 我国建筑节能工作已经取得了一定的成绩，制定并颁布了一系列节能标准、法规，开发了一些计算机模拟软件，在建筑材料、建筑技术等方面也取得了很大进展。但与国外建筑节能相比，还有很大差距，存在着许多问题，缺乏局域性、地方性研究。 张家口市是冀北部边缘城市，位于严寒和寒冷地区交界处，偏于严寒地区。张家口市经济发展比较落后，人们的节能意识比较薄弱，节能体制、法规不够健全。虽然《民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》(JGJ26-95)已颁布实施很多年，张家口市住宅建筑在节能方面也取得了一定的成效，但张家口市住宅的设计、施工与该标准还相差甚远。在住宅设计时虽然也要求填写建筑节能设计备案表，但实际的工程与设计又有很大的出入，致使当地住宅建筑能源消耗量大，远远超过节能标准的要求。而对张家口市的住宅建筑节能做因地制宜的研究，目前尚属空白。 张家口市目前的住宅基本全部是单元式多层住宅。本研究根据张家口市地理位置、气候特征、自然资源和能源结构、经济发展及当地的习惯等，依据《民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》(JGJ26-95)，采用理论计算，计算机模拟、问卷调查及现场测试方法，对该区目前住宅建筑的能耗及室内热环境状况作一分析评价，找出该区住宅建筑节能存在的问题，分析该区住宅建筑节能的潜力，提出该区住宅建筑节能的必要性和紧迫性，引起决策者、设计者、施工人员等相关技术人员对建筑节能的重视。 本文借鉴国内外的技术经验，结合张家口市的具体情况，对该市住宅围护结构的墙体、门窗、屋顶等进行节能分析，提出适合本地区住宅建筑在围护结构方面的节能设计方案，并对新设计方案进行节能、经济性分析评价，做到使该区住宅建筑的节能符合国家、区域的各项政策、法规、标准和规范，用较少的投入，获取较高的建筑节能经济效益、社会效益和环境效益，实现该区城市住宅的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the developing of economy, the growth of population and the improvement of our living standard, our demand for energy is increasing. However, just like other countries in the w orld, w e a re facing w ith e nergy crisis. In addition, t he w aste o f e nergy h as b rought about environmental pollution and poor air condition. As the main energy consuming family, architecture has been emphasized by many countries in terms of energy-saving and as a result, the corresponding measures have been put forward.We have made some achievements in architectural energy-saving. For example, a series of energy-saving criteria and statutes have been laid down and published, some computer analogue software have been developed, and there are also some achievements in terms of building materials and techniques. Nevertheless, compared with foreign architectural energy-saving measures, there are still some problems in ours, such as the lack of research on regional and local condition.Zhang Jiakou is a border city in the north of North China, which is located in the juncture of bitter cold areas and cold areas. Because of its backward economy, people have less conscious of saving energy in building, and energy-saving systems and statutes are not amplified too. Although <<Energy conservation design standard for new heating residential buildings>> (JGJ26-95) has been issued for many years, and there are some effects in terms of energy-saving of Zhang Jiakou residential building, there is still a big gap between the design and construction of this area and the given standard, In the process of designing, an energy-saving design file needs filling in. However, there is discrepancy between actual construction and design i tself, so that local residential building consumes a lot of energy, which surpass the energy-saving standard. Accordingly, there are no suitable measures to local condition in terms of energy-saving in residential architecture.The present residential buildings of Zhang Jiakou city are all multi-story buildings. Based on the geographical position, climate features, energy structure, economic development and local customs; in the light of <<Energy conservation design standard for new heating residential buildings>> (JGJ26-95) , the thesis give an overall evolution on the residential energy consumption and thermal environment indoors of this area, analyze the problems and potential in energy-saving, put forward the necessity and urgency in saving energy, and arouse the attention of policy-makers, designers and constructors by the theoretical calculation, computer analogue, investigation and on-the-spot test.Using the techniques and experience of China and other countries for reference, the paper gives an analysis on the energy-saving of envelop such as walls, doors, windows and roof in the light of specific conditions of Zhang Jiakou city. The new energy-saving design plan that is suitable for the local residential building is put forward and analyzed from the perspective of economy. The design will make the building energy-saving of this area tally with the national and regional policies, regulations, criteria and standard with little investment, more benefits, architectural energy-saving can be achieved with respect to economy, society and environment so that the sustainable development of urban residence in this area can be realized.更多还原