内外贸一体化条件下外贸公司的价值再造与战略调整

【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 石玉川；

【作者基本信息】 对外经济贸易大学 ， 国际贸易， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 2003年我国商务部的成立顺应了内外贸融合的历史潮流，是我国内外贸一体化的前奏。这在剥夺外贸特权的同时，也赋予了国际贸易活动更广阔的领域和更深刻的内涵，必然会对我国外贸领域的方方面面产生冲击。外贸公司首当其冲。 在内外贸一体化的条件下，外贸行业价值链的国内部分和国外部分实现了无缝衔接。在完整的行业价值链上，外贸公司的参与环节越多、价值贡献越大，则其竞争实力就越强。过去，凭借国家授予的外贸专营权，外贸公司不必参与多少战略环节就能在价值链上占据主导。今天，这是外贸公司整体陷于困境的根本原因。要想走出困境，唯一的出路就是再造新的外贸价值链。内外贸一体化，给转型中的外贸公司带来了广阔的国内市场，同时也带来了更多的对手和更激烈的市场竞争。 本文运用迈克尔·波特的价值链理论，通过对我国外贸公司价值活动的分析，提出了外贸公司再造价值链的方式：价值链的前向延伸、后向延伸和横向进入，同时，结合我国外贸公司改革中的典型案例，论述了不同情况下，企业应该采取的具体措施。文章从理论阐述和实证分析两条主线得出了初步的结论，即外贸公司的发展离不开国家经济产业发展的大环境，其价值链再造应该围绕产业功能和流通功能两大功能，走“有自身特色”的改革道路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Considering the combination of domestic trade and foreign trade, Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China was established in 2003. It indicates the extermination of foreign trade privilege as well as favorable trade environment for domestic business. Naturally, it produces great impact especially on foreign trade companies.Because foreign trade and domestic trade face the same condition, the value chain keeps completely and seamlessly connected between foreign market and domestic market. More parts of the value chain a foreign trade company can take hold of, more competitive the company becomes. Before, foreign trade companies used to control the value chain dependent on the monopolized import and export right. However, the privilege is deprived which pushes many companies into the difficult conditions eventually. Therefore, they have no other choice but to remodel the foreign trade chain in order to survive. In a word, the tendency of the combination of domestic trade and foreign trade is obvious. It brings to the foreign trade companies broad market demand as well as more advantageous competitors and challenging environment.This paper puts the value chain theory, which was founded by Professor Michael E ?Porter, in the analysis of the value added activities of foreign trade companies, and puts forward three ways to remodel the value chain: value chain forward integration, backward integration and vertical integration. At the same time, the paper cites three representative instances to demonstrate the detail measurements foreign trade companies should use under different conditions. The methodology of case study is used through the whole demonstration, and at the end of the paper, it comes the conclusion that the development of foreign trade companies cannot be isolated from one country’s economical environments, and the value chain remodel of foreign trade company should be focus on two important industrial functions, which include the circulation function and production function.更多还原