产业集群及其竞争优势的研究

【作者】 黄珍；

【导师】 范黎波；

【作者基本信息】 对外经济贸易大学 ， 企业管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在经济全球化、信息化、网络化的背景下，产业集群化成为当今国际产业发展的新亮点与主旋律。1998年，波特（Michael Porter）于《哈佛商业评论》发表了名为“产业集群与新竞争经济学”的文章。从此以后，对于产业集群（Industrial Cluster）的研究成为经济学、管理学的研究热点问题之一。本文将运用西方经济学、产业经济学、新制度经济学、管理学、以及战略管理的相关理论，抓住产业集群形成演进与区域竞争优势这条主线。本文运用理论推导、案例分析法、实证分析法、系统分析法等研究方法阐述产业集群成因、性质特征、竞争优势及竞争优势的动力机制，展示了产业集群与区域经济的强劲和持续竞争优势并通过对两个有代表性的产业集群的案例研究加以分析论证。最后对于中国目前产业集群发展过程中的问题，提出了关于产业集群的政策建议。产业集群从理论上看，开展集群研究不仅将对传统经济学提出诸多挑战和新课题，而且将实现经济学研究从“点竞争优势”到“群竞争优势”，从“竞争经济学”向“合作经济学”，从“企业——市场”二分法到“ 企业——网络——市场”三分法的转移。从实践上集群的研究既为现实区域经济发展战略提供新思维构架，有利于推动产业结构调整，中小企业发展，地区市场主体成长和产业基地建设。本文中产业集群的竞争优势可以概括为资源获取优势、创新创业优势、市场效率优势、扩张优势。集群的竞争优势动力机制概括为“区域分工”机制和“协作”机制，但本文强调的是集群专业化分工，以集聚经济为主导的区域分工。集群的协作是以信任为基础的合作机制是以面对面的知识交流为特征的组织学习机制。最后通过产业集群的案例研究，证实了产业集群对区域竞争优势的全面提升功能，并对中国目前发展集群经济出现的问题提出了政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Industrial Cluster has been a new trend in the development of international industries and a new form in the corporate competition in an environment in which globalization, informationalization and networklization are the main characteristics of economy. In 1998, M. E. Porter published a influential paper named Clusters and New Economics of Competition in Harvard Business Review, which turned out to be the start that industrial cluster became one of the focus of research in economics and management. In this dissertation, we focus on the analysis of the evolution, nature and characteristics of cluster and the competitive advantage of industrial clusters. What’s more, we give a in depth analysis of the mechanisms that generate these advantages. We use literature review, theoretic logic reasoning, case study and system analysis as the main research method in this paper and we use some second hand empirical results as referencesIn theory, the research on industrial cluster will not only add some challenges and new approach to traditional researches but will also realize the transformation in the economic research from “ the point competitive advantage” to “ cluster “competitive advantage”, from “economics of competition” to “economics of cooperation” and from “the dichotomy of firm-market” to “ the trisection of firm-network-market”. In practice, the research on the industrial cluster can provide a new framework for the development of regional economics, facilitate the upgrading of the industrial structure and the creation the regional manufacturing base.We suggest the competitive advantage of cluster can be classified as advantage in access to resources advantage in innovation and the birth of new <WP=6>businesses, advantage in efficiency of market transactions and advantage in cluster expansion. The mechanism that generates these advantages consists of the mechanism of concentrated division of work and the collaboration and sharing mechanism of knowledge. We testify the industrial cluster’s effect to improve the competitive advantage through the study on two typical industrial clusters, one of which is a domestic one and the other on is an abroad one. We propose some suggestions and solutions to the setting of policies and development of industrial cluster as the end of this dissertation.更多还原