【作者】 周应学；

【导师】 胡国胜；

【作者基本信息】 华北工学院 ， 材料学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 聚丙烯（PP）作为通用热塑性塑料，力学性能优良，但也存在低温脆性、成型收缩率大、易老化等缺点。尼龙11（PA11）具有优异的耐寒和耐磨性。PP/PA共混物综合了PP及PA的性能，可以提高PP的冲击性、耐磨性，改善制品尺寸的稳定性及加工性能。但因二者极性的差异使得相容性很差，因此，研究其相容性是热点问题。本文首先选用官能化增容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐（PP-g-MA）与传统的无规共聚物苯乙烯-马来酸酐（RSMA）增容PP/PA11体系，通过FTIR、DSC对两种体系进行了表征。FTIR表明PP-g-MA为反应型增容剂，而RSMA通过物理作用增容。DSC分析表明两种增容体系为部分相容体系。对于PP/PA11/PP-g-MA体系，PP-g-MA的加入更能影响PP相的结晶，使体系的结晶度增大，从而表现出较强的脆性。力学性能研究表明：对PP/PA11/RSMA增容体系，当配比分别为87/5/8、85/10/5时，拉伸强度达到35.3 MPa和35.4 MPa，比纯PP提高6%左右；而对PP/PA11/PP-g-MA体系，PP-g-MA含量都为3%，PA11为5%和10%时，拉伸强度达到最大值36.4 MPa。在相同配比下，RSMA增容体系的缺口冲击强度比PP-g-MA体系大。流变性能研究表明，两种熔体均为假塑性流体。在相同的配比下，RSMA增容体系比PP-g-MA体系有更强的假塑性，且随着温度的升高，体系的粘度变化明显； PP-g-MA体系因酸酐基团与PA11的氨基基团反应后的交联结构使熔体粘度对温度变化不明显。对增韧合金体系，在PP/PA11/PP-g-MA/EPDM-g-MAH为84/5/3/8时，PP-g-MA体系的缺口冲击强达到最大值46.7 J/m，是纯PP的2.3~2.8倍。在尼龙11含量为10%时随EPDM-g-MAH含量增加，两种体系的冲击强度都呈上升趋势，且PP-g-MA体系的增幅较大。增韧合金体系可在基本维持PP拉伸强度的同时，明显地提高合金的韧性。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one general thermoplastic, polypropylene posses significant mechanical performance besides imperfects of brittleness at low temperature, apparent shrinking rate and aging. Nylon 11 takes on excellent cold-resistance and endurance. PP/PA blends may improve impact property, endurance, modification dimensional stability and processing of products due to being comprehensive of characters of PP and PA. However, polar difference induces weak compatibilization, it is the hot to study compatiblization.First, in this paper, functional compatibilizer PP-g-MA and traditional random styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer are chosen to compatibilize PP/PA11 system that characterized through FTIR and DSC. FTIR investigation shows PP-g-MA is reactive compatibilizer but RSMA through physical compatibilization; DSC analysis indicates the two compatibilized systems are part compatibilization. To PP/PA11/PP-g-MA, addition of PP-g-MA affect crystallization of PP phases and degree of crystallization is even higher than that of RSMA , which induces blends higher brittleness.Mechanical properties research to compatibilized systems show tensile strength reaches 35.3 MPa and 35.4 MPa respectively to PP/PA11/RSMA as composition 87/5/8 and 85/10/5, which improve approximately 6% compare to pure PP. To PP/PA11/PP-g-MA systems, the tensile strength is achieved 36.4 MPa in which PP-g-MA content is 3% and PA11 are 5% and 10% weight. At the same ratio of compositions, Izod notched impact strength of RSMA compatibilized blends is higher than that of PP-g-MA. The two compatibilized systems are pseudo-plastic fluids through rheological character study. RSMA compatibilized system posses more apparent pseudo-plastic than that of PP-g-MA at the same compounding ratio and the rheology changes distinctly with the increasing of temperature, whereas melting viscosity is insensitive to temperature for PP-g-MA system because of cross-linking structure which acid-anhydride and amidogen in <WP=6>nylon 11 reacted.To toughening alloys, as PP/PA11/PP-g-MA/EPDM-g-MAH composition is 84/5/3/8, the notched impact strength of PP-g-MA compatibilized is reached maximum 46.7 J/m, which is 2.3 to 2.8 times relative to PP. With EPDM-g-MAH increasing, impact strength of two systems are improved when nylon 11 is 10% and PP-g-MA compatibilized system is faster increased than that of RSMA. The alloy is evidently enhanced toughness while maintaining tensile strength of PP.更多还原