【作者】 赵燕；

【导师】 叶华年；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 作为一种文学思潮，自然主义在美国文学史上起过重要的作用。根据自然主义理论，人的行为是由环境、遗传和机遇决定的。自然主义承接了现实主义的写作特色同时又有所发展，它又为文学现代主义做了铺垫。作为伟大的美国作家，杰克·伦敦(Jack London，1876-1916)享有很高的国际声誉。他的很多作品在国内外都广受欢迎。在我国，许多读者对伦敦的作品尤其是两部动物小说《野性的呼唤》(1903)和《白牙》(1906)都很熟悉。到目前为止，我国对于伦敦作品的研究大多是对其内容、主题及写作方法的简单介绍和评议。但伦敦不应该被看作是仅仅擅长于动物小说的作家。要更好地了解伦敦，我们有必要从更多的角度对其生平及作品进行研究，从而给他一个更为客观公正的评价，同时更好地认识他在美国乃至世界文学史上的地位。 作为伦敦著名的两部动物小说，《野性的呼唤》和《白牙》为许多读者及批评家所喜爱。这两个发生在荒原上的故事毫无疑问体现了丰富的自然主义元素。而作为伦敦的代表作，《马丁·伊登》(1909)已经被很多评论家和读者所研读与评论，并曾鼓舞了无数人努力奋斗以在学习或事业上取得成功。但就我收集到的资料来看，迄今为止还少有人从自然主义角度对其进行研究。尽管并非所有伦敦的作品都表现自然主义，但这几部主要作品还是体现了明显的自然主义倾向。 本文是对伦敦的几部主要作品如两部动物小说与其自传性作品《马丁·伊登》中的自然主义元素的一次尝试性的研究，意图通过分析这些元素来揭示自然主义的作品中遗传、环境、时机等是如何控制这些作品中人物的行动、思想和命运的。实际上，伦敦唯一的一部海洋小说《海狼》(1904)也体现了自然主义倾向，鉴于本论文的长度，在此从略了。我希望这份论文的研究结果能证明我们把伦敦看作是美国自然主义小说家的代表之一是完全有理的，这将有助于我们全面正确地认识这位作家。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a literary trend, naturalism has played an important part in American literature. According to naturalistic theory, human beings are controlled by environment, heredity and chance. Naturalism has carried on and developed the writing features of realism, and at the same time it has helped lay the foundation of literary modernism. As a great American writer, Jack London (1876-1916) is well-known through the world and many of his works are very popular both at home and abroad. Many Chinese readers are familiar with London’s works especially his two animal novels The Call of the Wild (1903) and White Fang (1906). But up to now, the studies on London’s works are mainly introductory of the contents, themes and writing skills. London should not be taken as a writer who is only good at depicting dogs and wolves. To know more about London, we must study his life and his works from more perspectives and then we can give him a comparatively equitable and objective comment and recognize his proper status in the literary history of America and the world.The Call of the Wild and White Fang are loved by many readers and critics. As the stories take place in the wilderness, they obviously contain naturalistic elements in the narration. London’s masterpiece, Martin Eden (1909), has also been read and studied by many critics and common readers. It is a book which has encouraged many people to work hard to succeed in their study and their career. But as for the materials and comments I have collected about it, few have approached it from the naturalistic point of view. However, from these main works of London’s we can clearly see the naturalistic elements although not all his works show the naturalistic tendency.The present thesis is a tentative study of the naturalistic elements in London’s main works as mentioned above. It aims to analyze the naturalistic elements in these novels to illuminate how environment, heredity, and chance determine a person’s fate as London sees it. Actually, London’s only sea novel The Sea Wolf (1904) also demonstrates a naturalistic tendency. But due to the length of this thesis, I’d like to discuss it in another paper. From the result of my study, I hope we can have a better understanding of Jack London as one of the representatives of American naturalism.更多还原