【作者】 陈华；

【导师】 杨跃；

【作者基本信息】 西安电子科技大学 ， 外国语言学与应用语言学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 比较是人类认识世界的重要方法，也是语言研究的基本方法之一。中国语言学大师赵元任先生说过：“所谓语言学理论，实际是就是语言的比较，就是世界各民族语言综合比较分析研究得出的结论。”比较语言学在中国是一门相对新兴的学科，近些年来，它得到了迅速的发展并取得了丰硕的成果。不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译，也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析，人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性，在进行交际时能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法，以顺应这些差异，防止表达错误，避免运用失当，从而达到交际的目的。在英语学习的过程中，由于语言本身以及文化和思维方式的差异，使中国学生遇到许多困难。在这其中，英汉句法结构存在的差异是英语学习的难点之一。本文旨在对英汉句法结构方面的宏观和微观差异（英汉基本句型、单句和复句、各个句子成分的差异和词序）进行一个比较详尽的对比，通过对其异同点的分析使中国学生对这两种语言的特点有一个清晰的认识，从而提高他们驾驭语言的能力，同时这种对比研究的成果可以在英语教学和翻译中得到广泛的应用。由于本文旨在讨论中英文句法方面的差异，因此从宏观和微观两个方面对这个主题展开论述，并结合具有说服力的例句加以证明。本文共分为六章：第一章是总论，区分了对比语言学和历史比较语言学的概念，对英汉对比语言学的起源、现状和发展概况做了综述，对当代从事英汉对比研究的著名专家、学者的专著和研究成果做了介绍并提出了本文进行语言对比研究的层面和方法；第二章对英汉句法方面的特征做了宏观的介绍和论证；第三、四、五章从英汉基本句型，英语并列句、复合句、并列复合句和汉语复句的差别以及各句子成分和词序的异同等方面从英汉句法微观的角度做了详尽的论述；第六章是论文的结论，总结了英汉句法对比研究的成果对英语教学、汉语对外教学和翻译的作用和意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Making contrast is a very important method to know and understand theworld and also one of the basic approaches to conduct language research andstudy. Mr. Chao Yuanren, the well known Chinese linguists, once said:“ Whatso-called linguistic theory, in fact, is making contrast between differentlanguages, a scientific research finding by a synthetically contrastive analysisof languages of various nationalities in the world.” In China contrastive studyis a comparatively new branch of linguistics. However, recent years havewitnessed its rapid development and tremendous achievements as the result ofthe efforts of researchers. Contrastive study reveals similarities of anddissimilarities between the two languages and suggests the dialecticapproaches to language study. A contrastive study of different languages not only helps to form a newmethod, which can be applied in language teaching and translation but alsobenefits the interlingual communication. By contrastive study, languagelearners can gain a better insight of peculiarities of their mother language andthe foreign language. In the process of communication, it is possible for themto be conscious of the similarities of and dissimilarities between differentlanguages in order to avoid committing mistakes, thus making interlingualcommunication possible. In the process of English learning, the difference between English andChinese syntactic structure, one of the major difficulties, often puzzles mostChinese students, for different peoples have different ways of thought whichlead to different habitual expressions. This dissertation focuses on contrastivestudy of syntactic structure of English and Chinese with the purpose to explorethe similarities and particularly dissimilarities between these two unrelatedlanguages. It is hoped that through contrastive study it will be easier forChinese students to get a better command of English; and what is moreimportant, to improve their competence and performance in that language. The paper offers an introduction to contrastive study on English andChinese syntactic structure and can be divided into six chapters. Chapter one isan introduction to the definition of contrastive linguistics and comparativelinguistics, origin, development and achievements in English and Chinesecontrastive study together with a few famous scholars’research findings in this<WP=5>field. Chapter two presents a brief contrast of macroscopic English andChinese syntactic features. Chapter three to five give a much detailed contrastand comparison on microscopic English and Chinese syntacticstructure—basic sentence patterns, English compound sentence, complexsentence, compound complex sentence in comparison with Chinese Fuju,sentence constitute elements and word order. In the end, a conclusion ispresented in Chapter six.更多还原