珊溪水库污染现状调查评价与控制对策研究

【作者】 叶盛；

【导师】 郑平；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 珊溪水库是温州市历史上最大的水利工程项目，已成为温州的重要水源，但是，珊溪水库水质不能保证达到地表水环境保护功能区的要求。本课题对影响珊溪水库水质的主要污染源（工业污染源、生活污染源和农业面源污染源）作了详细的分类调查，并采用等标排放量法进行了综合评价。 研究结果表明，在所调查的诸污染源中，农业面源污染的贡献最大，污染率指数为51.5％；生活污染次之，占48.1％；工业污染最小，仅占0.4％。在农业面源污染源中，畜禽粪便污染位居第一，其污染率指数占在农业面源污染源的71.9％。 库区工业经济相对滞后，珊溪库区的污染物格局明显有别于工业经济发达地区。在工业经济发达地区倍受关注的工业污染源，在珊溪库区隐退至次要地位；而在工业经济发达地区不为人们警觉的农业污染源和生活污染源，在珊溪库区则显现为主导地位。从污染物来看，COD_Cr、TN和TP污染率指数分别为6.0％、58.9％和35.1％，氮和磷成了水体污染的主要贡献者。 以生活污染源为对象所做的预测结果表明，2007年库区生活污水的污染物排放总量将高于2001年的水平。必须采取有效的治理措施，以遏制库区水质恶化的趋势。 由于生活污染源和农业污染源是库区的主要污染源，可结合当前正在开展的生态市、县建设，对这两类污染源进行重点整治。加快库区主要城镇和重点村生活污水收集和处理设施建设，降低生活污水的污染负荷；倡导科学使用化肥和农药，控制化肥和农药流失量；落实畜禽养殖的管理措施，加大畜禽养殖污染的治理力度。控制库区污染源，保护水库水质，确保供水区300万人民喝上干净的水。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shanxi Reservior is the largest water conservancy project in wenzhou history, and is the most important waterhead field in Wenzhou. However, the water quality of Shanxi Reservior is unable to satisfy the standard for ground water environmental quality in functional district. The water environment quality of Shanxi Reservior was checked, the main pollutant sources (industrial pollution source, domestic pollution source and agricultural pollution source) were investigated and the pollution potential of main pollutant sources was evaluated with the equal-standard drainage capacity.The results showed that among the pollution sources, agricultural pollution source took the first place with pollution index of 51.5%, domestic pollution took the second place with pollution index of 48.1%, and industrial pollution source took the last place with pollution index of 0.4%. Among the agricultural pollution sources, the pollution of chemical fertilizer was the most serious with the pollution index of 71.9%.Because of the comparative lag of industrial economy, the industrial pollution source which attracted a lot of attention in the developed district has become subsidiary in this district. On the contrary, agricultural pollution source and domestic pollution source which were neglected in the developed district has come to the leading place. Among the pollutants, the pollution indexes of CODCr, TN and TP were 6.0%, 58.9%and 35.1%, respectively. TN and TP have become the main pollutants to Shanxi Reservior.The domestic pollution source was taken as an example, the sewage drainage from Shanxi reservior district in 2007 was predicted. The results indicated that the amount of sewage drainage will be larger than that in 2001. So effective measure must be taken to control the increasing pollution.Because agricultural pollution and domestic pollution are the main pollution sources to Shanxi Reservior, they must be controlled efficiently. Combined with the ecological construction, more sewage collection systems and sewage treatment plants should be constructed in Shanxi Reservior district. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides should be applied more scientifically to avoid their pollution. The management and waste treatment of animal husbandry should be strengthened. After all the measures take effect, three millions people around Shanxi Reservior can surely drink clean water.更多还原