【作者】 徐华；

【导师】 戴昌钧；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 企业管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济发展中知识含量的不断增加，工作的形态和内容发生了深刻的改变，工作者也不再是原来意义上的劳动力，知识工作和知识工作者的概念被提出来，并广为传播得到普及。这一领域的研究逐渐引起国内外专家学者的普遍关注。 弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒(Frederick Winslow Taylor)开创的科学管理运动的核心是如何提高体力工作的生产率，这一运动引发了传统管理的革命性变化。如今，在发达国家，人们已经充分掌握了体力工作生产率的基本规律，现在，知识工作的生产率问题日益显现出来。著名管理学家彼得·杜拉克(Peter Drucker)指出：20世纪管理最重要最独特的贡献就是将体力工作的生产率提高了50倍之多，21世纪管理所能做的与此同样重要的贡献就是必须增加知识工作和知识工作者的生产率。 知识工作的生产率这一课题涉及的内容非常广泛，本课题就是基于这一长期而复杂的研究任务所进行的一些基本问题的研究。 本文从借鉴泰勒的工作分析法着手，运用PAQ工作分析问卷将工作岗位分解成若干基本的构成要素，称之为工作元素，通过问卷调查、个别访谈来获取这些微观的工作元素所蕴含的信息，从而对知识工作进行特征分析。这是本文的创新点，也是本文进一步研究的基石。在对知识工作的特征进行实证研究的基础上，相应的可以推出知识工作对知识工作者提出的客观的素质要求。本文继而又对知识工作者的主观特征进行了探讨，得出知识工作者的需求内容和结构，以及影响知识工作者工作成果的因素。 在以上实证分析的基础上，本文尝试对知识工作改进及知识工作者激励问题作一定性研究。知识工作改进与知识工作者激励问题是互相联系，互有包含的。区别在于，知识工作改进问题更侧重于工作的角度，探讨对工作内在要求的适应;而知识工作者激励问题更侧重于人的角度，探讨对人的引导，激发人的潜能。其二者都属于更广义的知识工作改进问题，本质上就是如何使知识工作更有效率，更具生产率。 本文就是循着这一思路着眼于这些基础性的问题展开。研究过程中，泰勒科学管理运动的一些思想以及杜拉克关于知识工作知识工作者的许多精辟论述给予了笔者许多启发。论文研究运用了管理学的实证方法，比较的分析方法和逻辑演绎推理方法。以实证分析为基础，对比研究知识工作与体力工作在工作内容、形态和要求等方面的不同特征，进而推出有关知识工作改进及知识工作者激励的一些有意义的结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the constant increase of the content of knowledge in economic development, deep changes have taken place in the form and content of work. Worker is no longer the workforce of original meaning. The concept of knowledge work and knowledge worker has been proposed .It has been popularized and spread wide. The research in the field has drawn common concern of experts and scholars in home and abroad.The core of scientific management movement that Frederick Winslow Taylor started is how to improve productivity of physical strength work. This movement has caused the revolutionary change of traditional management. Nowadays, in developed countries, people have fully grasped the basic law of physical strength work productivity, while the productivity of knowledge work is appearing. Peter Drucker, a famous management master, points out: the most important contribution of management in the 20th century is that it has increased physical strength work productivity 50 times then before. To increase the knowledge work productivity is the greatest challenge of management in the 21st century.The research on knowledge work productivity is long-term and complicated, involving very extensive subjects, while this thesis sets out from some foundation problems about it.Using Taylor’s job analysis approach for reference, this thesis disassembles work positions into basic job elements with PAQ and on these grounds carries on the positivistic study on the characteristics of knowledge work. This is the innovation point, and also is the foundation studied further of this thesis.From the conclusions of the positivistic study on knowledge workcharacteristics, the objective character requirement to the knowledgeworkers can be derived.Then this thesis discusses the subjective characteristics of knowledgeworkers.Based on the study mentioned above, this thesis tries to make a qualitativeanalysis on the improvement of knowledge work and the motivation ofknowledge workers. The two questions are mutually contacting andcontaining, but each has different emphasis. The former emphasizeparticularly on the work, while the latter on the worker. Essentially they arediscussing how to make the knowledge work more efficient, and how toimprove the knowledge work productivity.This thesis is following the thought aforementioned, in which Taylor’s somethoughts and Drucker’s thinking on knowledge work have given me muchelicitation.This thesis uses positivistic study method, comparative analysis method andlogical deduction method, and obtains some significative conclusions on theimprovement of knowledge work and the motivation of knowledge workers.更多还原