【作者】 姜河蓉；

【导师】 吴卫国；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 工程力学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 船撞桥事故一直在世界各地不断地发生，且事故发生的频率越来越高。由船撞桥事故所导致的人员伤亡、财产损失以及环境破坏是惊人的。近年来为了减少事故损失，船桥碰撞机理特别是桥墩防护装置的研究得到越来越多人的关注。 无论是船-桥相撞或是船-防撞装置相撞都是一个十分复杂的碰撞动力学问题，是两者在很短的时间内在巨大冲击载荷作用下的一种复杂的非线性动态响应过程，且碰撞过程中存在多种不确定性因素，因此企图通过建立一个精确的数学模型使问题得到完全解析是不可能的。经过多年的发展，非线性有限元数值仿真正日益成为目前碰撞分析的最有效方法。 本文在前人研究的基础之上，结合船桥碰撞实例，对碰撞计算机仿真模拟的关键技术进行了研究，在效率与精度的矛盾中找到平衡，对一艘2000吨级散货船横桥向正撞广东管洲河大桥桥墩防撞钢套箱这一种工况进行了计算机仿真模拟，实现了以较小的单元和较短的时间模拟碰撞的时间历程，模拟满足工程精度要求，解决了目前碰撞仿真计算周期太长的问题，同时仿真模拟得到的结论对该类防撞装置提供了有价值的参考。 本文共分六章，第一章为绪论，介绍了国内外船船碰撞、船桥碰撞和桥墩防撞装置的研究概况。第二章对船桥碰撞外部动力学的解析方法进行了消化和吸收。第三章介绍了动态大变形非线性有限元的基本理论，对本课题分析采用的显式非线性有限元软件ANSYS／LS-DYNA作了全面的介绍。第四章对结构碰撞有限元计算的有效性进行了基础性研究，重点探讨单元尺寸、摩擦力、计算时间步长、沙漏控制等因素对仿真计算的影响，得到有用的结论，提高了计算的可靠性和效率。在第五章，利用有限元数值仿真技术对船-防撞装置的碰撞特性进行了研究，以较小的单元规模和较少的机时在满足工程精度要求的条件下模拟船舶横桥向正撞防撞钢套箱的时间历程，分别得到船和防撞钢套箱的损伤变形情况，获得了防撞装置和船各类构件的吸能分布情况，对结果进行评估和分析，对该类吸能型防撞钢套箱的结构设计提供有建设性的意见。第六章总结了全文，并对进一步的研究工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ship-bridge collisions often take place everywhere in the world. The frequency of accidents is so high. The loss of lives and property and destroy to environment are striking. Recently, in order to reduce the loss of accidents, many experts bend themselves to the study of the mechanism in ship-bridge collision and the effective equipment for anti-collision.Either the collision between ship and bridge or ship and anti-collision equipment is a complicated non-linear dynamic response process under extreme large load in a very short time. Because of the complicacy and the uncertain factors in collision process, it is nearly impossible to make theoretic analysis by building up an accurate mathematic model. Therefore, numerical simulation by finite element analyses will become a more and more effective means in the analysis of collision problems between ship and bridge or equipment for anti-collision nowadays.Based on the urgent need that pier protective device primarily designed needed to be tested its crashworthiness by the impact of ship in multi-situation, etc in multi-angle and multi-water, the writer analyzed the critical elements that affect the simulation of the collision between ship and pier protective device, and found the feasible way to deal with the conflict between calculation efficiency and precision. Using this method and employing ANSYS/LS-DYNA program, which is the universal nonlinear dynamic analysis software, a head-on collision between ship and pier protective device designed for Guanzhou River Bridge is simulated and presented, the simulation of time history course of full-scale mini-collision between ship and pier protective device was taken into reality with a spot of elements (less than 21000) and scanty time (9 hours on P4 PC). In the end, the damage process and energy absorbing are obtained, which are of great value for this kind of pier protective devices design.The thesis has six chapters: in chapter one, the author introduces the background and significance of the study. Chapter two is introduction about the analytical method for solving approaches of external dynamics of ship collision.In chapter three, the fundamental theory for numerical simulation of collision is studied. In chapter four, the writer studied and discussed the critical elements that affect the simulation of the collision between ship and pier protective device, and found the feasible way to deal with the conflict between calculation efficiency and precision. Chapter five and six, a head-on collision between ship and pier protective device designed for Guanzhou River Bridge is simulated and presented.更多还原