集群创新网络内的企业学习研究

【作者】 刘慧；

【导师】 吴晓波；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 近二十年来，产业集群的发展已经引起了国内外学术界的广泛兴趣，许多学者从经济学、地理学、管理学、社会学等不同角度对产业的这种地理集中现象做了积极的研究。许多研究表明，产业集群的发展与集群创新优势分不开。本论文是在理论研究和实证研究的基础上，从网络的视角探讨了产业集群内企业的创新行为。 在对创新网络研究综述的基础上，作者提出了集群创新网络的基本概念。集群创新网络是集群内中小企业创新的一种组织形式，是专业化分工和协作为基础的同一产业或相关产业的中小企业，与区域内的相关企业和其它机构(如大学、专业市场、商会、生产力促进中心和政府等等)通过正式关系和非正式关系所组成的地方性企业创新网络。集群创新网络最大特点是地理集中性和社会根植性，学习在集群创新网络中具有重要作用。 本论文系统地提出了集群创新网络内的集体学习机制。集群创新网络内企业学习的过程主要包括知识扩散和知识创新两个方面，学习途径则可以分为本地正式创新网络中的学习和本地非正式创新网络中的学习。本地正式创新网络中的学习主要是在企业与本地客户、本地供应商、竞争对手、本地研究机构、本地中介服务机构以及地方政府之间进行，这种学习更多的是以正式交流与合作的形式实现的；而非正式网络中的学习主要是在企业家或工程师的社会网络(如亲戚、朋友、同学、旧同事、同乡等关系)中进行的，这种学习更多的是以非正式交流与合作的形式实现的。 集群创新网络中企业的学习绩效主要体现在对企业创新绩效的贡献上，从企业技术创新活动的特点看，集群创新网络中的学习有助于提高企业的创新绩效。本论文对浙江嵊州领带业集群内的近40多家企业进行了问卷调查，并运用因子分析和多元回归对数据进行了统计处理，研究结果也进一步验证了，本地正式网络和非正式网络的学习强度对提高企业创新绩效具有相当的贡献。此外，统计结果也表明，在集群内，企业在本地正式创新网络中的学习强度越强，技术引进强度也就越大。 为了提高企业在集群创新网络中的学习绩效，本论文从企业、行业协会和政府三个方面分析了他们各自的对策。对于企业而言，需要控制合理的网络幅度、选择合适的网络结构并充分发挥企业家在网络中的协调作用；对于行业协会而言，需要建立网络内的集体规范和标准并推动本地创新网络与外部的联结；对于地方政府而言，需要营造良好的竞争环境，制定合理的科技政策，并吸引外商直接投资。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent developments in new industrial districts (NID) had caused wide interests in the academic field. Many researchers analysised the industrial cluster from different views, such as economics, management, geography and sociology. As many literatures showed, the development of NID is related to the innovative advantage of clustering. In this dissertation, based on theoretic studies and empirical studies, the author will do some research on innovative activity in the industrial cluster in view of network.Based on the review of innovation network, the author brings forward the basic concept of innovation network in industrial clusters (INIC). As one of organizations for small-medium enterprises to innovate, INIC is a kind of local innovation network among related enterprises or institutions (such as university, market, government, research institution), linked by formal and informal relationships. The most important character of INIC is its geographical and cultural proximity. Learning between different enterprises or institutions plays an important role in INIC.The author put forward the model of collective learning in INIC, which could be devided into two phases: knowledge diffusion and knowledge creation. As for any enterprise in a cluster, it can acquire knowledge by learning in local formal innovation network, linked by formal economic realationships, and in local informal innovation network, linked by personal relationships.For a firm in an industrial cluster, learning in INIC is helpful to improve the firm’s innovative performance, which is regarded as the learning performance of a firm. The author investigates more than 40 firms in Shengzhou tie cluster in Zhejiang province, and use factor analysis and multiple regression analysis to deal with those data. As empirical research shows, learning intensity in local informal innovation network and in local formal innovation network does contribute to the firm’s innovative performance. What’s more, the author also finds that for the firms in a cluster the intensity of technological transfer is positive related with the learning intensity in local formal network.In order to increase firm’s learning performance in INIC, the author points out that firm, industry association and government all should do some work. As for the firms in clusters, they should control the range of network, maintain a appropriate level of the structure of network and make full use of the harmonious compentence of entrepreneur. As for the industry association, itneeds to build the collective rule or standard and promote the combination of local network and external network. As for the local government, it should cultivate good competitive environment for the development of INIC, make reasonable policy for the development of science and technology and promote foreign direce invest (FDI) in the local cluster.更多还原