【作者】 侯元贞；

【导师】 杨翔；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的不断发展，司法鉴定在诉讼中的作用也越来越重要。我国司法鉴定的现状已引起了人们的一片责难，而鉴定人对司法鉴定的公正与准确则具有决定性的作用。因此，鉴定人制度的改革与完善必然在司法鉴定制度的改革中起着举足轻重的作用。 本文通过对国内外鉴定人制度的比较考察以及有关鉴定人基础范畴的理论分析，提出了建构我国鉴定人制度的设想，以期为我国鉴定人制度的改革与完善提供理论依据和制度参考，从而为克服我国司法鉴定的混乱局面及维护司法的公正和权威贡献微薄之力。 国内外学者对鉴定人制度的研究一般侧重于对制度的评析与建构而非基础理论的探讨。在本文中，笔者用比较的方法分析了两大法系国家鉴定人制度的特点、利弊及发展趋势，用实证的方法分析了我国鉴定人制度的立法及运作特点。同时，笔者以程序正义为理念，以当事人的证明责任和对抗制为理论基础，通过对鉴定权、司法鉴定和鉴定结论的性质及特征的分析，指出了鉴定人的诉讼地位应为当事人的证人，并在此基础上分析了鉴定人的法律特征为由当事人委托而参加诉讼的、具有鉴定能力的自然人。由于鉴定人出庭作证的重要性以及鉴定人在我国出庭率极低的缘故，在有关章节中笔者对鉴定人出庭作证的依据、我国鉴定人不出庭的原因和后果进行了分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the constant development of science and technology, the role of judicial appraisal in litigation is becoming more and more important too. However, the current situation of judicial appraisal has incurred series of discontent among people, while expert witnesses exert decisive effects on the justice and accuracy of judicial appraisal. Therefore, the reform and perfection of the experts system should play a very important role in the reform of the judicial appraisal system.By comparative study on domestic and international experts systems and theoretical analyses of basic categories relevant to experts system, this article has proposed the imagination of reconstructing our country’s system of experts, in the hope of offering theoretical foundation and system for the reform and perfection of our country’s experts system to consult, thus, contributing meagerly to overcoming the confused situation of judicial appraisal in our country and safeguarding the justice and authority of judiciary.Domestic and international scholars who study experts systems generally pay more attention to the evaluations and construction of systems than to the study on basic theory. Originally in the article, by comparative method, the author has analyzed the characteristics, pros and cons, and developing trend of the experts systems in the countries of both the common law and civil law, and by way of inspecting positive facts, the author has analyzed the legislation and operation characteristics of our country’s experts system. Besides, regarding justice of the procedure as the ideal, the theory of the parties’ burden of proof and adversary system as the foundation, and also by analyzing the nature and characteristics of the right to appraise, judicial appraisal and expert’sconclusion, the author has pointed out that the status of experts in litigation should be parties’ witness, on which the author has analyzed the expert’s legal characteristics that an expert is a natural person with ability to appraise, entrusted with participation in litigation by the parties. Because of the importance and the extremely low rate of experts’ appearing in court as witnesses, in relevant chapters the author has analyzed the theoretical foundation of experts’ appearing in court as witnesses, the reason and consequence that experts in our country default to appearing in court as witnesses.更多还原