数字图书馆体系结构参考模型

【作者】 陈梅；

【导师】 范并思；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 情报学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 在过去的几年中，研究人员就数字图书馆的概念、特征、框架、技术等问题进行了广泛的讨论和深入的研究，人们正逐渐将讨论与研究的成果应用于数字图书馆的开发建设中去。但是在此过程中，研究人员们遇到了一些诸如互操作性(interoperability)、可扩展性(scalability)等非计算机技术性的问题，因此我们有必要再从宏观体系结构的角度上对数字图书馆进行研究，在现有研究成果的基础上改良设计，解决可扩展性、互操作性等非技术性难题。 一个数字图书馆体系的互操作性将决定它横向发展的能力，因为这种互操作能力也就是它与外界的“沟通”能力，它包括不同格式资源间的沟通以及不同体系资源间的交互。一个数字图书馆体系的可扩展性又将影响它纵向生存的能力，因为这种可扩展性也就是它在科技发展环境中的“成长”能力，它包括新型资源以及新型服务的扩展。只有会“沟通”能“成长”的数字图书馆才是一个优秀的数字图书馆，这也就是作者在文中提出的一种对数字图书馆体系结构评价的新标准。 数字图书馆事业的兴起已经有了近10年，在这段期间，研究人员们设计出了不少优秀的数字图书馆体系结构，其中包括以“调度系统(handle system)”而著名的K-W体系模型、利用“类聚合体(collection)”来帮助寻找信息的DIENST体系模型、自底向上分层次扩展服务的INFOBUS体系模型、利用“容器”思想的Warwick框架、引入“内容类型”解决互操作性问题的FEDORA模型、以及用“过滤性关口”解决互操作性问题的OAI(Open Arehives Initiative)框架，这些模型在解决互操作性和可扩展性两大难题时各有特点，但是他们也都存在着一定的不足之处。作者在分析了这些模型的基础上，取其精华，去其糟粕，提出了一种新的数字图书馆体系结构设计思想，这种设计思想从上面提到的数字图书馆体系结构新评价标准出发，强调了层次性、模块化的设计理念，作者希望能够通过这种体系结构设计思想给数字图书馆研究建设人员以参考借鉴。 文章共分为4个部分—第一部分主要介绍了数字图书馆的概况，包括它的定义要素、发展情况、发展特点的分析以及它与传统图书馆关系的分析;第二部分详细介绍了六大数字图书馆体系结构模型的结构以及运行机制，并分析了它们在解决互操作性和可扩展性方面的优势与劣势;第三部分是在前面介绍、分析的基础上总结了设计数字图书馆体系结构时的五大要素以及设计体系结构时的六大原则;最后一部分集中，归纳了前面介绍的数字图书馆体系结构模型的优点，分析了功能需求，提出了一种具有四大特点的新模型设计思想。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the past few years, conceptions, characters, architectures as well as technologies of Digital Library have been widely discussed. However, people find it difficult to enhance the interoperability and scalability when they begin to build actual digital libraries based on the current research. It has become necessary for us to improve the design of existing digital libraries to overcome the two outstanding non-technical problems.Interoperability, including the communication between format-heterogeneous as well as the communication between architecture-heterogeneous resources, is the ability to communicate with the world outside. Therefore, the extensibility of a digital library is dependent on its interoperability. Scalability, which means more new resources and new services, is the ability to develop with the pressure of rapidly progressing technology. A good digital library should be able to communicate with the world outside and to develop itself as well; this is exactly the new rule set by the author to evaluate digital libraries.During the last ten years’ evolution of Digital Libraries, a lot of Digital Library architectures have been worked out. They include K-W architecture which is well known for its "handle system", DIENST architecture which uses "collection" to search information, INFOBUS architecture which extends its services from the bottom to top, Warwick framework which introduces the idea of "container", FEDORA architecture which resorts to "content type" to solve interoperability issue, and OAI architecture which uses "filtering gate" to solve the same problem. Each of these architectures has its own advantages and disadvantages as far as the interoperability and scalability are concerned. Based on the analysis on these models, the author presents a new DigitalLibrary architecture that is based on the new evaluation rules. By emphasizing hierarchy and modulation, the author hopes that this new architecture can be referenced by other people.This article consists of four chapters. Chapter one gives a general introduction of Digital Library including its definitions, development history, characters and its relation to traditional libraries. Chapter two introduces six architectures/models of Digital Library in detail and analyzes its advantages and disadvantages with regards to the interoperability and scalability. Chapter three outlines five key factors and six principles while designing the architecture of the digital library. Chapter four summarizes all the digital library architectures referenced in this article. Based on the analysis of the main requirements in building a digital library, the author presents a new architecture of Digital Library with four characters.更多还原