课堂教学中的师生冲突

【作者】 丁敏；

【导师】 郑金洲；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 教育工作中最基本最具体的表现，乃在于师生之间的交互行为。从大量的教育事实来看，教师和学生在教育上的互动关系既有和谐、一致的一面，也存在分歧、对抗、冲突的一面。国内关于师生关系的研究，大都强调其和谐的功能，很少去剖析师生之间的紧张关系及存在的矛盾和冲突。本文试图在课堂观察、访谈等基础上对师生冲突的类型、表现进行描述、分析，在此基础上探讨师生冲突的内在根源，并提出缓解、协调师生冲突的策略，使师生冲突向良性循环发展，从而起到优化师生关系、提高课堂教学质量的作用。 文中第一部分简单介绍了选题的意义、研究的现状及研究的方法。 第二部分首先对师生冲突的概念进行了界定。其次，在课堂观察的基础上对师生冲突的类型、表现进行了分析、描述：学生的违纪行为通常是导致师生冲突的导火线，但教师专制、粗暴的课堂控制方式、不恰当的课堂教学行为、强加自身所代表的规范文化均是引发师生冲突的直接原因。最后介绍了师生冲突的消极影响及积极作用，通常情况下，消极的对抗性冲突行为影响师生的身心健康、影响课堂气氛，进而影响教与学的质量，但它也有积极的一面，冲突可用于学生道德观念的培养，有利于师生双方寻找解决这种冲突的制度化规则，使介入冲突的师生双方之间加深了解，促使双方的自身调节。 师生冲突并非仅仅属于教师或学生任何一方，它涉及双方的需要，所以，问题是双方一的，第三部分首先从学生的角度分析了弓}发师生冲突的原因，但是，良好师生关系的建立，起决定作用的一方是教师，因此，本部分重点从教师的角度分析了引发师生冲突的内在根源，如教师过分看重自身的权威;不善于与学生沟通，师生之间缺乏相互的理解;课堂中很少顾及学生的需要，教学评价的不公正及对不同学生的不同期待等。另外，我国目前正处在社会转型期，学生的价值取向趋向多元，因此，师生冲突也受到社会文化因素的制约。 师生冲突是教育中的一种正常现象，完全消除冲突是不可能的，压韦lJ冲突只能为卜一次的冲突埋卜隐患。因此，文中最后一部分提出了协调、缓解师生冲突的具体措施。l、教师应注重自身角色的转换，树立正确的教学观和学生观。2、追求理解和沟通，建立师生“对话”关系。3、正确看待和重新认识自身的权威。4、善于运用课堂管理的策略，提课堂管理的水平。5、教师应善于了解、认同学生文化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The most fundamental and concrete manifestation in educational work consists in the interaction between the teachers and the students. From the large number of educational facts, the interactive relationship between the teachers and the students has a harmonious and consistent aspect as well as an aspect of divergence and conflict. The study of the relationship between the teachers and students in our country mainly emphasizes the harmonious function, while hardly any attention is given to the analysis of the intense relationship, the contradiction and the conflict existing between the teachers and the students. This thesis attempts to describe and analyze the types and manifestation of conflicts between the teachers and the students on the basis of classroom observations and interviews, thus probes into the inner root of the conflict and offers strategies that can ease and coordinate these conflicts so as to make the conflict turn to a beneficial cycle and optimize the relationship between the students and the teachers and improve the classroom teaching quality.The first part of this thesis introduces the magnificence of the subject, the present situation of the research on this field and the methodology adopted.The second parts begins with the definition of the conflict between the teachers and the students . It then analyzes and describes the types and manifestation of the conflict on the basis of classroom observation. Students misbehavior is always the fuse that leads to the conflict, while the teachers’ autocratic and rude way of controlling the class, their inappropriate classroom teaching activities and the emphasis on the standard cultures represented by the teachers are also the direct causes that initiate the conflict. Finally, it introduces the negative and active functions of the conflict. Usually the negative conflicting behavior affects the mental and physical health of the teachers and students. The conflict also influences the classroom atmosphere and thus deteriorates the teaching and learning quality. But it also has an active function. The conflict can be used in the developments of the students’ moral concepts, can help both the teacher and the students to look for the systematic rules to eliminate the conflict and deepen the understanding between the teachers and the students involved in the conflict and impels both sides to adjust themselves better.The conflict between the teachers and the students doesn’t just belong to either side ,it involves both sides’ needs. Therefore the problem belongs to both sides .The third part begins with the analysis of the reasons that lead to the conflict from the students’angle. But since the teachers play a decisive role in building a good relationship between the teachers and the students. For instance ,the teachers pay too much attention to their authority. They are not good at communicating with the students. Between the teachers and the students there lacks a mutual understanding. In the class little attention is given to the students’ needs. And the phenomenon of unjust teaching appraise and different expectations for different students exist. On the other hand, China is now at a time of society changing ,students’ values are also diversified, so the conflict is also conditioned by the social and cultural factors.The conflict between the teachers and students is a normal phenomenon, it is impossible to eliminate it completely. Suppress of conflict can only make a hidden trouble for the next conflict. Therefore the last part of this thesis offers some specific ways to coordinate and ease the conflict between the teachers and the students. 1. The teachers should attach importance to their role exchange and set up a correct teaching view and students view. 2. Seek understanding and communication and set up a "dialogue" relationship between the teachers and students. 3. Correctly view and rerecognize the teachers’ authority. 4. Be good at adopting classroom management strategies, improve the classroom managing ability. 5. Understand and更多还原