中国大鲵循环系统的解剖与组织学研究

【作者】 黄华苑；

【导师】 孙艳香； 姜国诚；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 生态学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究主要采用常规血管注射法，常规石蜡切片法，以及光学显微照相系统和荧光显微数码照相系统对中国大鲵(Andrias Davidianus)的循环系统进行了比较详细的解剖学观察研究，并对其心脏及血管进行了组织学研究。目的在于丰富中国大鲵解剖学和组织学的资料，为中国大鲵分类地位的探讨和血液循环生理研究提供解剖学依据，同时也为比较解剖学和脊椎动物的进化提供解剖学依据。研究结果表明,中国大鲵循环系统解剖学特点为：1.心脏：心房心室为左右排列，两心房前后排列，共有4对动脉弓，其中第二、三对动脉弓汇合成一条背主动脉；动脉圆锥基部与心室相接处有4个瓣膜，动脉圆锥内没有螺旋瓣，动脉圆锥与腹侧主动脉干之间有3个半月瓣；房间隔有穿孔；冠状动脉由颈外动脉的分支汇合而成。2.动脉系统：颈动脉导管、波氏导管依然存在；胃动脉有两个来源：①背主动脉的直接分支，②肠系膜动脉的胃脾分支；肝动脉为来自腹腔肠系膜动脉的一级分支。3.静脉系统：后腔静脉与后主静脉同时存在，肾门静脉系统与后腔静脉之间没有交通支，输卵管静脉汇入肾门静脉，肝门静脉分三处入肝：①胰十二指肠静脉、肠系膜静脉和胃脾静脉三者汇合后进入右肝，②胃前静脉和食管静脉汇合后进入左肝背面，③腹静脉从肝脏腹面正中线入肝。心脏及血管组织学特点为：心肌纤维之间没有见到闰盘，血管内皮细胞为柱状细胞。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to enrich the content of the anatomy and histology about Andrias Davidianus,obtain new data about systematic position and blood circulation physiology and also provide reference for comparative anatomy and vertebrate evolution reseach , we studied the anatomy and histology about Andrias Davidianus by means of normal inject method , normal paraffin section method, microcopy system and digital camera.Examination shows that the heart of Andrias Davidianus have three chamers-two atria and one ventride ,the atria on the left of midline, the ventricle on the right of midline,and the atria are divided into two cavities by septum interatriale . There are four Valvula semilunaris in conus arteriosus, but no spiral valve in conus arteriosus. The coronary artery is made by Arterica carotis externa branches. The Ductus carotis arteriosus and Ductus Botalli are still present and link up the arterial arches separately. There are two Aa. gastrica , one coming from Aorta dorsalis directed branch, the other coming from A. gastrolinealis which branch ofAa. coeliacomesenterica . The veins: the Vena postcardinalis and V. cava posterior still exist. There are no communication branch between V. portae renalis and V. cava posterior ;V. oviductlis join V. portae renalis；There are three branches enter the liver:①V. pancreaticoduodenalis V. mesenterica and A. gastrolinealis join together and then enter the right liver;②V. gastrica anterior V. oesophagea join together and then enter the left liver③V. abdominalis enter the liver by the ortho-axis of liverThe characteristic of histology about the heart and blood vessels: Cardiac muscle cells are not linked by the structure of intercalated discs; the endothelium of blood vessels is simple columnar epithelium.更多还原