【作者】 王小兵；

【导师】 庄恒扬；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以一季作物为单元，通过大田试验和文献资料分析建立在农田系统尺度下土壤初始养分状况、施肥量与作物生物产量、经济产量、植株养分含量、作物收获后土壤养分变化关系的单养分限制和养分综合作用模型。模型的建立考虑了与土壤和气候之间的耦合，增强了模型的适用范围。利用试验资料对模型的有效性进行了验证，模拟值与实测值达到较高的相关度。养分平衡模型的建立减少了由于采用植株养分含量平均值分析所带来的误差，提高了养分管理和农田养分循环分析的精度。利用所建模型对淮北滨海地区和里下河地区不同产量水平和不同管理模式下的养分动态进行分析。 土壤肥力决定着作物的目标产量以及肥料的施用量，是养分决策支持系统建立的前提条件。本研究以江苏响水县为例，选择10项肥力指标，利用层次分析法、模糊数学等方法对土壤肥力进行综合评价，结果表明，该地区土壤肥力大多处于中、下水平。 利用信息技术把土壤-肥料-作物-行政图等融合于一体，建立了以土壤测试为基础，养分平衡模型为依据，具有定量、长期预测以及多目标决策等功能的农田养分决策支持系统。该系统使决策仅依赖于作物特征参数、主要的土壤理化性状指标以及气候条件的输入，而不涉及决策系统本身的变化，大大增强了养分管理决策支持系统的通用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The balance models on the relationships between soil elementary nutrient conditions, fertilization and biomass, economic yield, nutrient contents in crop plants as well as soil nutrient changes after crop harvest were developed through the field experiments and data collection under single-nutrient and multi-nutrient limited conditions. The models considered the relation of soil and climate, which would widen the applicable scope of the models. The models were tested with the data of the experiments, indicating that the correlation coefficients between the simulated and observed values were all at significant level. The nutrient dynamics under different yield levels and different management patterns in Xiangshui country and Lixiahe region in Jiangsu Province were analyzed by the developed models. Avoiding the errors resulting from the adoption of the average values of nutrient content in crop plants, the nutrient balance models raised the accuracy in nutrient management of crop production.Soil fertility, which influenced the target yield and fertilizer recommadation, was the premise conditions of developing nutrient decision support system. Therefore an evaluation method of integrated soil fertility with fuzzy math and analysis hierarchy was developed, with 10 indexes being selected. The integrated soil fertility values in Xiangshui country of Jiangsu Province were calculated. The results showed that the soil fertility of large parts of the farmlands in this region was at middle or low levels.Soil-fertilizer-crop-administration zone maps were integrated by GIS, and farmland nutrient decision support system was developed on basis of nutrient balance models, which could serve as quantitative and long prediction of nutrients and multi-goal decision making for nutrient mangement. The system running depended only on inputs of crop characteristic parameters, main soil properties and climate conditions, but needn’t change the structure of the decision system and therefore the generality of the system was reinforced.更多还原