【作者】 张吉会；

【导师】 张海晏；

【作者基本信息】 宁夏大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 对于一个拥有十三亿人口的农业大国，如何变革与创新农村土地制度，始终是影响中国经济、社会发展的重要因素。我国农村土地从解放初期的农民个体所有制到家庭承包制的确立，农村土地经营方式的变革经历了严重波折，政府和人民付出了巨大代价，也积累了宝贵的经验。随着我国当前社会主义市场经济体制改革的逐步深化，以及农村社会生产力的发展，土地家庭承包制的平均、分散化经营已越来越不适应市场经济和生产力发展的要求。同时，由于我国农村土地具有社会保障的功能，又要求农民平等地享有一份“保命田”。因此，中国农村土地经营模式的创新面临公平与效率的双重约束。 文章结合解放后我国农村土地经营模式的历史变革，以及当前农村改革试验区土地经营模式探索创新的基础上，进行纵向与横向比较分析，得出实行土地家庭经营和对土地进行产权重组是未来中国农村土地经营模式创新的必要选择，也是解决我国农村土地公平与效率的有效手段。 最后，文章在吸取现有家庭承包制和股份合作制的合理因素的基础上，创建一种新的土地经营模式——股份家庭投包制，即在农民土地使用权入股的基础上，明确土地产权，促进土地使用权合理流转。然后通过以家庭为单位竞争性承包，实行适度规模经营。农民可以通过土地使用权转让，获得相应的股权收益，从而达到公平与效率的双重效益。另外，由于我国地域辽阔、区情各异，本文根据实际情况，对各地实施股份家庭投包制进行了阶段性分布设计，以有效促进农业生产力发展和农村社会稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 To a huge rural country with 130 million people, how to change and develop the land system is an important factor affecting Chinese economy and social development ail along. The land system has undergone the change of peasant’s individual ownership to household contract responsibility system since the founding of new China, in which course, our government and people have paid great cost ,and at the same time obtained valuable experience .With the deepening of the reform of the socialism market economic system, and witi the development of the rural social productivity, the present land system-small scale, individual management-can not meet the requirement of the market economy and social productivity development. At the same time, our rural land system serves the function of social insurance, which endow the peasant to share land equally as a means of survival. So, the evolution of rural land system faces the dual-constrain of equity and efficiency.Combining the historic change from the founding of the new China, and the experiment and creation in current rural land reform, and by way of horizontal and historic colttrast, this thesis draw a conclusion that it is the infallible choice to practice household management, and to rearrange the land property rights in rural areas, which is also the necessary means to solve the problem of equity and efficiency in the future.By way of absorbing the experience of the present household contract responsibility system and stock co-operation system, this thesis put forward a new model of landmanagement,-household stock contract system, which means the peasant can use landexploiting rights as stocks. So it is necessary to clarify the land property rights, to promote the liquidity of the land exploiting rights, and practice moderate scale economy through biding and contracting between the different households. The peasant can gain their money paid for shares through the transfer of the land property rights, and the dual utility of equity and efficiency can be realized. Concerning the fact that our country has a vast frontier and hat various areas, the application of household stock contract system should adept to the different stage and different areas according to the real situation. The object of which is to improve the productivity of the agriculture and maintain the stability in the rural areas.更多还原