【作者】 马文瀚；

【导师】 梁虹； 黄法苏；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2003， 硕士

【副题名】以清镇市为例

【摘要】 水资源是人类生存和社会经济发展的重要物质基础，也是重要的环境资源，水危机已严重影响人们生活，损害人类健康，阻碍经济发展，危及人类自身生存与发展。过低的水价是引起水危机的主要原因之一。因此，现实的抉择必须将水资源纳入市场，用经济激励优化配置水资源。 本文运用边际机会成本模型作为评价分析工具，针对传统资源价格理论的缺陷，分析社会主义市场经济条件下水资源价格理论基础，运用多种价格理论及宏(微)观经济的有关理论，采取比较分析与实例分析相结合的方法，对水资源价格问题进行探讨，以期建立适合喀斯特地区的水资源价格体系及定价方法。 本文的主要内容：首先，在综合国内外研究水资源定价方法和理论的基础上，提出了水资源的概念。水资源作为一种稀缺性资源，存在着价值和价格。水资源短缺、水资源污染和地下水超采是当前喀斯特地区水资源开发利用存在的主要问题。接着分析喀斯特地区水资源特性，指出水价过低、水资源产权不明是水资源管理缺乏效率的原因，在水资源定价的原则指导下提出了喀斯特地区水资源定价方法。然后，在古典资源价格理论与现代西方经济学资源价格理论的比较研究基础上，运用MOC模型对水资源价格进行了研究。在MOC模型中，分析了水价的各个组成部分及其计算方法，最后以清镇市为例，运用MOC模型对清镇市水资源价格进行计算和分析。 本文主要结论：①充分认识水资源的价值。水资源作为公共资源，我们要从观念上把水资源当作一种经济物品而非自由物品；在经济生活中把水资源作为一种生产要素，计入生产成本。②水污染作为生产与消费活动的副产品和作为技术外部性在水资源定价管理中占有重要位置，尤其在缺水地区和枯水季节，它是影响水质的重要因素。水污染在水资源定价中占有重要地位，水价必须将水量和水质完善地整合在统一体中。③水资源定价应重视资源在不同世代的开发利用，考虑使用者成本。使用者成本主要涉及资源财富在不同时期、不同世代之间的分配，以使资源分配在现在和将来之间保持均衡。④MOC定价是目前较为盛行的自然资源定价方法，边际机会成本从经济角度对资源耗竭加以抽象和度量，它把资源的消费看作是未来使用该资源的机会成本。边际机会成本有三部分组成：边际生产者成本、边际使用者成本和边际环境成本。因此，它能有效应用于水资源价格的计算。⑤运用MOC模型对清镇市水资源定价，计算结果表明：在贴现率为r=3％、r=5％、r=8％、r=10％和r=15％情况下的单位边际生产者成本分别为2.389元、2.218元、2.072元、2.024元和1.987元。⑥对水资源实行一体化的综合管理，实行流域管理一体化，水利工程投资多元化，环境资源保护产业化等手段是解决喀斯特地区水资源短缺的有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is essential for human being, economic activities, and important environmental resources as well. Water crisis endangers the survival and development of the human itself, by affecting the daily life, injuring the health, and hindering the economic development Severe under-prizing of water is one of the main reasons to cause the crisis. Resources, environment and development become the theme of the world’s economic development today. It has been paid much affection to allocate water resources by means of market mechanism.This paper dissertated water Resources price by taking the Marginal Opportunity Cost (MOC) pricing model as the guideline. Firstly, it, based on the natural distribution characteristic of water resources and status of supply and demand of water, analyzed the present situation of water pricing, problems existing, and their reasons, discussed the effect of subsidy policy and the limitation of the property of water in karst area, and then put forward the main principles for water pricing. Secondly, it analyzed the characteristics of water resources in karst area, and pointed that under-pricing and unclear property are the reasons to cause inefficiency of water resources, after finishing the comparison study of the theories of resource pricing between the Marxism and the modem economics. Thirdly, it discussed the application of the Marginal Opportunity Cost(MOC) pricing model on water pricing, and then evaluated the feasibility of the model, taking the water pricing of Qingzhen city as the example and the result indicated that the water price is 2.389, 2.218, 2.072, 2.024, 1.987yuan per cubic meter at the discount rate of 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15% respectively. Finally, it brought forward the public policy of water pricing, and emphasized the efficacy, justice, and equity, namely water pricing should be beneficial to the coordinating, stable, balanced sustainable development between population, economy, resource and environment.This paper strongly emphasized that, a public resources as water is, the economic value of water resources should be recognized, and what’s more, it should be rooted in our social and cultural tradition. Therefore, as a production factor, water expense should be added into the production cost in economic activities. It is necessary to eliminate subsidy, and pay attention to distribution of water between generations and the internalization of the environment cost. And water policy should be correspond with the renovation of property system, technical renovation, and law system, and then the sustainable development can be ensured.更多还原