【作者】 万雪松；

【导师】 朱家骅；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 化学工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 我国大气污染以煤烟型为主，每年由于SO₂和酸雨所造成的直接和间接的经济损失高达千亿元，因此，控制“煤烟型”SO₂污染的任务紧迫。同时，对日益增多的城市垃圾，目前国内主要采用卫生填埋，其直接后果是产生大量有毒有害的有机废水—垃圾渗滤液，如何处理、转化和合理利用垃圾渗沥液已经成为环保中的又一新课题。 本课题从垃圾渗滤液湿法烟气脱硫—微生物硫转化互补体系出发，使上述两种污染（废水，废气）治理过程合二为一。而本文重点在于硫酸盐转化菌（包括硫酸盐还原菌SRB与硫氧化菌）的分离纯化，并对SRB的生物学特性进行了详尽的研究。得到了以下结论： 1．从硫酸厂废水淤泥中分离筛选出了一株SRB，其菌体形态呈弧状或细杆状，成熟细胞大小0.4～0.6×3.0～5.0μm，摇摆式运动，单极生鞭毛，芽孢染色阴性，革兰氏染色阴性。 2．从府南河污水滞水层水样中筛选出光合细菌中的硫氧化细菌--绿硫菌和紫硫菌，该两株菌均为卵圆形单细胞，细胞大小为0.5～1.0×1.0～2.0μm，革兰氏阴性。菌悬液分别为绿色和红棕色。 3．分离菌SRB属于中温菌，最适生长温度为35℃；最适生长pH6.0～6.5；适量氧气不会影响菌体生长。 4．分离菌SRB在硫酸盐异化作用过程中，能以甲醇、乙醇、乳酸、葡萄糖等有机物作为电子供体；COD／SO₄^2-比值越大，硫酸盐还原反应进行得就越彻底，但是当COD／SO₄^2-比值大于2.5以后，该比值对硫酸根还原率的影响逐渐变小。在本实验中，我们确定四川人学硕1学位论文 了COD/S仇2一为2.0一2.5的条件，此时COD去除率在55%左右， 5042一去除率在70%以上。 5.对分离菌SRB的无机盐培养基配方进行了正交优化，确定了最 佳配方，并且发现KHZPO:和NaCI对菌体细胞生长的影响最大; 考察了Fe卜对分离菌生长的影响，随着FeZ‘浓度的增大，细胞生 长代谢活动更加旺盛，但是当FeZ‘浓度达到3一49/l以后，细胞 生长对FeZ‘的需要达到了饱和程度。 6.在厌氧反应器中对分离菌SRB进行了放大培养，并采用N:吹脱 H声，提高了硫酸盐还原率:在最适环境条件中（包括pH，温度， 培养基成分，培养条件等等），分离菌SRB在培养5天后，可还 原硫酸根1900mg/1，还原率为76%。 本研究提供了一种治理环境问题的新思路，即将两类污染物（烟气，垃圾渗滤液）在同一套工艺中进行互补生物处理，在产生社会效益的同时又具有一定的经济效益，体现“以废治废”的环境工程新概念。同时本研究成果为对该互补体系进一步开展相关研究提供了良好的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mission for controlling the pollution of "coal smoke type" in our country is urgent because the economy loss resulting from 862 and acid rain amounts to thousand hundred million yuan every year; on the other hand, the plentiful household garbage is treated by filling into the grand, therefore it produces substantive poisonous and harmful organic waste water-landfill leachate. So how to handle, convert and make use of the landfill leachate becomes a new focus in the field of environmental protection.In order to treat both of the waste water and waste gas mentioned above, we base the study on reciprocal systems of flue gas wet desulfurization and microbial transformation of sulfur with landfill leachate. The paper focused on the selection and growth characteristic study of the sulfate-converting bacteria that include the sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur oxidizing bacteria. Some conclusions were listed as follows:1. A strain of sultate-reducing bacteria was isolated from the sullage of Sichuan Sulfate Factory. The cells are vibrioid-shaped or of thin rod shape with the size of 0.4~0.6 3.0~ 5.0 m . They are motile by single polar flagella and non-spore-forming. The cells strain Gram-negative.2. Two strains of sulfur oxidizing bacteria were isolated from the backwater of Fulan River. The cells of them were ovally shaped with the size of 0.5~ 1.0 1 .0~2.0 m. Both of the cells strainGram-negative and the colors of the anaerobic culture are green or red-brown, respectively.3. The optimum temperature of the strain(SRB) is 35 ,the optimum pH range 6.0 ~ 6.5, and it is not strictly anaerobic.4. During the vitriol dissimilation process, the strain (SRB) can use methyl alcohol, ether, lactic acid, glucose... etc. The efficiency of vitriol dissimilation process responds to the COD/ SO42~ value with direct ratio, but when the COD/ SO42- value is over and above 2.5 hereafter, its influence towards vitriol dissimilation process falls down. In the paper, the range of 2.0~2.5 is adopted as the COD/ SO42- value, and at this rate 55 percent of SO42- and 70 percent of COD are removed.5. The ingredients of the media were optimized, and the conclusion was drawn that KH2PO4 and NaCl play an important role during the growth of the strain (SRB). The influence of the Fe2+ on the strain was studied and the metabolism activity of the strain responds to the strength of Fe2+ with direct ratio, but when the concentration of Fe2+ exceeds 3~4g/l its influence on the strain falls down sharply.6. To improve the removal ratio of the sulfate, the strain (SRB) was cultivated in the anaerobic reactor, and the N2 was used to blow the H2S from the culture. At optimized conditions (pH, temperature, culture medium, etc.), 76% of the sulfate (1900mg/l) can be converted after five days.The paper try to provide a new idea to handle the environment problem: make the two pollutants (flow gas and landfill leachate) cooperate each other in the same engineering flow, and produce both social and economic benefit, therefore it represents a new concept of environmental and chemical engineering: treat the waste with waste. At the same time, the studying results provide a good basis for the further relating research in the reciprocal system.更多还原