试述梁启超的外交思想

【作者】 刘新华；

【导师】 李育民；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 梁启超是中国近代著名的政治活动家、思想家、学者，一生与政治有着不可割舍的联系。他对中国外交给予了诸多关注，其处交思想蕴含丰富的内容，且随时代的推进不断完善，具有鲜明的时代特色。本文分五大部分，力求对梁启超外交思想作一全面论述。 第一部分探讨了梁启超外交思想的根本目标。指出梁启超具有强烈的国家主权观念，坚定的反帝爱国立场，清晰的捍卫国家主权、反抗外侵的基本思路。 第二部分着重论述梁启梁外交思想的根本原则。基于近代中国的国情和所处的复杂的国际形势，梁启超力主中国进行自主外交。其自主外交思想萌芽于戊戌维新时期，到了辛亥时期则较为成熟。自主外交思想是梁启超外交思想的尤为闪光点，也是全文所要着重论述的内容。 第三部分主要分析了一战时期梁启超灵活的外交主张。战争初期他主张严守中立，战争后期又积极主张对德宣战，文中揭示了这一转变的原因。战争结束后，为了维护中国的合法权益，梁启超在巴黎和会上开展了卓有成效的国民外交活动，通过这些活动，表现出了其较为务实、成熟的国民外交思想。 第四部分论述了梁启超的修约、废约思想。梁启超对不平等条约给中国社会带来的危害，有着清醒的认识，强烈要求修约、废约；在此基础上提出了一些灵活、务实的修废约策略。 第五部分分析了梁启超外交思想的不足之处。梁启超早年对帝国主义认识带有一定程度的模糊性，晚年对俄认识趋于僵化，一些外交主张流于空泛，很难付诸于具体的外交斗争实践。更多还原

【Abstract】 Liang Qichao who was active in political movements, has been well -known as a great thinker and scholar in Chinese modern history. His whole life had an individable connection with politics. He paid much attention to Chinese diplomacy. His diplomatic thoughts, containing ample contents and being perfected with the advance of history, has a distinctive feature of era. This article which is divided into five parts concentrates on Liang’ s diplomatic thoughts ah1 - sidedly.Part one probes in the basic targets of Liang Qichao s diplomatic thoughts. It points out that Liang had a strong notion of state sovereignty, firm stand of anti - imperialism and patriotism, and clear basic thinking of defending state sovereignty and resisting the invasion from outside.Part two mainly discusses the basic principles of Liang s diplomatic thoughts . On the basis of modern China s situation, and the complicated international situation, Liang Qichao insisted that China should have its own independent diplomacy. This thought sprouted in the Wu Xu Innovation Period, and became mature in the Xin Hai Revolution Period. The thought of Independent diplomacy is the highlight of Liang’s diplomatic policy,and it is also the most important content that the article will discuss.Part three analyzes Liang Qichao’ s flexical diplomatic advocates in World War I Period. At the beginning of the First World War,he suggested that China should keep neutral, but in the late period of the war he was active in advocating to declar war to German. This article discloses the cause of the convert-ing of his mind. In order to protect Chinese legal rights, after the end of World War I, Liang Qichao promoted an effective movements of the people s diplomacy, through which it fully showed that the People’ s diplomacy of Liang Qichao was practical and mature.Part four discusses Liang’ s thoughts of amending and abolishing treaties. Liang Qichao realized that the unequal treaties had done great harm to Chinese society and demanded that they should be amended or abolished. Some practical and flexical trategies of amendment and abolishment of treaties had been put forward by Liang Qichao.Part five analyzes the defect of Liang’ s diplomatic thoughts. His early recognition of imperialism was ambiguous to some extent, and the recognition to Russia in his late life was inclined to become rigid. Some of his diplomatic advocates were impracticable for they were hard to carry out in the concrete diplomatic struggling.更多还原