论民主革命时期黄炎培的政治思想

【作者】 刘是今；

【导师】 陈先初；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 黄炎培是我国现代史上一位著名的政治活动家，其政治思想相当丰富并极具个性。本文力图通过对黄炎培政治思想及其相关方面的考察，以丰富人们对他的认识及对他所代表的知识分子群体的了解。 全文分三部分进行论述 第一部分论述黄炎培政治思想嬗变的轨迹。黄炎培政治思想的发展经历了一否定之否定的过程，呈现出明显的阶段性。辛亥革命前，黄炎培主张政治救国，并积极投身政治活动。辛亥革命后，出于对现实的不满和失望，黄炎培的政治热情逐渐退祛，转而提倡教育救国，打出了职业教育的大旗。但由于教育救国成效之微弱以及日益严重的国难，“九·一八”事变后，黄炎培重归政坛，投身政治。抗战时期，其政治思想得到全方位的展现。 第二部分论述民主革命时期黄炎培的政治主张。黄炎培的政治主张来源于他对社会、对时势的认识，侧重于对现实的改造。而如何使当时的中国摆脱深重的民族危机和衰弱动荡的局面，成了黄炎培关注的重点及其政治思想的核心，因此，他认为：加强团结，培养国家观念，复兴民族精神是救国的关键；发扬民主，实施宪政，调动每个国民的积极性是实现自强的必要手段；而如何加强政党建设，处理好国共关系，又是不可回避的现实。 第三部分论述黄炎培的社会历史观。黄炎培所有的政治思想，是建立在他对社会矛盾和社会发展大势的认识之上的。他否认中国存在阶级的对立，反对用阶级斗争的方法解决社会问题；在中国社会的发展道路问题上，黄炎培既不同意实行资本主义制度，也不赞成实行社会主义制度，他主张把两者结合起来，取长补短，相互为用。 黄炎培的政治思想，在许多方面做了相当有益的探索，反映了他对中国社会问题的独立思考。但其阶级局限性，使他的政治思想带有浓厚的理想主义色彩而于世无救。更多还原

【Abstract】 Huangyanpei is an eminent political activist in the contemporary history of China. His political thought is very rich and has distinct personality. The pur-pose of this dissertation is to increase people’ s acknowledgement about Huangyanpei through comprehensively analyzing his political thought.This thesis contains three parts.The first part is about the development of Huangyanpei ’ s political thought. The process of his thougt’ s development divided into three stages. Before the "1911 Revolution ",Mr Huang advocated to save the nation with political methods and went in for pob’tical activities vigorously. After this revolution, he changed his stand on account of discontent and disappointment to the reality. Mr Huang held high the banner of Vocation Education and thought it as a useful method to solve problems existing in China, however, it was not very effective. So after the "September Eighteenth Accident", Mr Huang re-turned to poh’tical circles. During the Anti ?Japanese War period, his politi-cal thought developed all sidedly.The second part is to discuss his political stands. Huangyanpei’ s political stands based on the analysis about the society and the situation and laid particular emphasis on the reality’ s reform. How to enable China to break away from the national existence crisis was the core of his political thought. So he held such viewpoints: The key to save nation was to increase nation’s unity, foster the sense of nation and revive national spirit; The necessary methods to accomplish the rising of nation was to carry forward the democracy, carry out constitutionalism and arouse every people’ s enthusiasm; At the same time, Mr Huang concerned with the party’s building and the relations between GuoMing party and Chinese Communist party.The third part is to discuss Huangyanpei’ s idea on society’ s evolution. All his political thought was based on his analysis about the society’s tendency and contradictions. He denied the existence of classes’ confrontation in China and opposed to solve society’s problems through class struggle. On the direc-tion of China’s development, Mr huang was disgusted with capitalism and a-verse to Socialism. He favored combining two systems.Huangyanpei’s political thought have made useful explores in many as-pects . But for his class limitation, his political thought at last became Utopian and had no use to nation’s development.更多还原