Visual Basic编程专家的领域知识及其在编程过程中的作用

【作者】 郝宁；

【导师】 吴庆麟；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 通过无结构访谈、问卷测试及行为观察的方法，抽取VB编程专家所具有的领域相关的陈述性知识和程序性知识，并通过分析VB编程专家解决具体编程任务时的言语报告，考察其所具有的领域知识在编程过程中的作用。研究结果表明： 1、VB编程专家主要具有五种陈述性知识：VB编程基础知识、VB编程原理知识、Windows内核知识、软件工程知识以及编程样例知识。 2、VB编程专家与新手在陈述性知识掌握上存在“量”的差异。专家与新手具有同样类型的陈述性知识，但在每类知识上都比新手掌握更多的信息。专家对陈述性知识的掌握在整体上比新手优化。 3、VB编程专家具有的自动化基本技能包括：界面设置的基本技能、代码编写的基本技能以及程序调试的基本技能。新手在第一个方面和专家具有类似水平，但在后两个方面与专家有较大差异。 4、VB编程专家在编程中所体现的一般领域的策略性知识主要涉及手段——目的分析法。新手在编程中没有体现这一策略。 5、VB编程专家具有的特殊领域的策略性知识包括：可视化策略、注释策略、反馈加上策略以及以用户为出发点的策略。新手和专家在这四种策略上具有较大差异。 6、VB编程专家所具有的领域知识对其编程过程影响巨大。影响其编程心理模型的建立、心理模型的详细化、编程目标设定与算子选择以及具体窗体设计和代码编写。 7，从总体上看，VB编程专家所具有的领域知识对其高效编程行为具有决定作用，是造就专家比新手杰出的最重要决定因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, the methods of unstructured interviews, questionnaire and behavior observation were used to acquire the in-domain declarative and procedural knowledge of the experts who majored in VB programming, and the analysis for the protocols which were registered according to the experts’ reporting when they were programming practically was also used to find out how the knowledge worked on the progress of the VB programming. The results showed that:1, The experts who major in the VB programming mainly possess five kinds of declarative knowledge: the basic knowledge of VB programming, the principle of VB programming, the kernel knowledge of Windows system, the knowledge of software engineering and the knowledge about the sample of programming.2, The difference on the mastery of the declarative knowledge between experts and the novices is not in the aspect of "quality", but in the aspect of "quantity". Though they beer the same kind of the declarative knowledge, the experts take on more information than the novices on each kind of knowledge. On the whole, the experts’ mastery of the declarative knowledge is much more perfect than that of the novices.3, The experts have several kinds of automatic basic skills, mainly including: interface-designing, code-writing and program-debugging. The novices are about in the same lever as the experts on the first aspect, but they are less skillful than the experts on the later two aspects.4, The domain-general strategy embodied in the programming process of the experts mainly deal with the method of mean-goal analysis which can not embodied in the programming process of the novices.5, The domain-special strategies which the experts possess include the strategy of vision, the strategy of noting, the strategy of feedback-processing and the strategy of standing by the user. The experts and the novices have large difference on these four kinds of strategies.6, The in-domain knowledge occupied by the experts have much impact on their programming processes, which influence on the establishment of the mental model, the process of becoming more concrete of the mental modal, the enactment of the goals and the choice of the operators as well as form designing and code writing.7, As a whole, the in-domain knowledge occupied by the experts play the decisive effect on the efficient programming behavior of the experts, which is the most important decisive factor which makes the experts more excellent than the novices.更多还原