脉冲爆震发动机性能分析及数值模拟

【作者】 邱华；

【导师】 严传俊；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 航空宇航推进理论与工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 脉冲爆震发动机是一种利用间歇式或脉冲式爆震波产生的高温、高压燃气来产生推力的新概念发动机，这种发动机具有循环热效率高、燃料消耗率低、推重比高、比冲大、结构简单等优点，将成为21世纪新型的航空航天飞行器的动力装置。 本文在分析爆震波的基本理论、爆震波的形成特点、传播机理及其特性和脉冲爆震发动机的工作原理及循环的基础上，建立了脉冲爆震发动机的简化性能计算分析方法，并通过试验实测数据对所采用的简化性能计算方法进行了验证，在理论计算和分析方面主要进行了下列四个方面的研究工作： 1) 采用最小自由能法建立了计算反应平衡成分的软件包，并采用牛顿—雷夫森迭代法对爆震波的特性参数进行了分析计算，总结了不同燃料、不同初始温度和初始压力，以及混合物当量比对爆震波特性参数的影响。 2) 建立了脉冲爆震发动机单次循环的性能分析模型，分析计算了脉冲爆震发动机各种性能参数与当量比、初始温度、初始压力和频率等参数的关系。 3) 对脉冲爆震发动机的热力循环过程应用特征线法作了一维流场的数值模拟。 4) 采用Visual C++编写和调试了一个可视化的计算软件，该软件界面友好，操作简单，集成了爆震波特性参数计算，性能参数计算以及一维流场模拟等多种功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pulse detonation engine (PDE) is a new concept of propulsive engine which uses high temperature and pressure gas produced by intermittent or pulsant detonation wave to generate thrust. PDE has many desirable advantages, including high thermal dynamic cycle efficiency, low specific fuel consumption, high thrust/weight and specific impulse, simple configuration, and will become propulsive device of aviation and spaceflight aerocraft in 21st century.This paper is devoted to establish the method of simple performance analysis on pulsed detonation engine on the base of analyzing radical principle of detonation wave, formation characteristics and propagation mechanism as well as performance of detonation wave, and working principle and cycle of pulse detonation engine. Meanwhile the method of simple performance analysis has been validated by the data acquired from experimental investigation. Theoretical calculation and analysis include following four aspects:1) The software for calculating the chemical equilibrium composition has been established by the method of minimum free energy, and characteristic parameter of detonation wave has been calculated by the iterative method of Newton-Raphson. o The influences that different fuel, initial temperature and pressure, equivalence ratio of mixture have on the characteristic parameter of detonation wave are summarized.2) An analytical model for the performance of a single-cycle pulse detonation engine is established. Relations between performance parameters of PDE and parameter of equivalence ration, initial temperature, initial pressure and frequency are analyzed and calculated.3) Numerical simulation in one-dimensional unsteady flow of thermal dynamic cycle process in PDE is presented by the characteristic method.4) The computing software whose interfaces are friendly and convenient to operate, are compiled and tested under Visual C++ environment. Many functions, including calculation for characteristic parameter of detonation wave and parameter of performance, simulation in one-dimensional flow , are integrated in the software.更多还原