【作者】 尹立红；

【导师】 张兴；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农药学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 猕猴桃黄化病(Chlorosis of Kiwifruit)是近几年陕西省猕猴桃主栽区发生比较普遍、危害比较严重的一种生理性病害。本论文通过对陕西主栽品种“秦美”猕猴桃(Actinida deliciosab cv. ‘Qinmen’)的健康植株和不同黄化水平病株的营养状况进行测定分析，包括氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、硼(B)十种元素和叶绿素含量，借助方差分析、因子分析和通径分析等统计学手段，明确猕猴桃健叶和黄化叶营养状况的区别；探讨各元素对黄化病影响程度的大小，为提出合理的膏剂配方提供理论指导；同时按照猕猴桃的需肥特点配置了15种膏剂，对黄化病进行了防效试验。整个论文工作得到以下初步结果： 一、通过对猕猴桃健康植株和不同黄化程度植株营养状况的分析：猕猴桃黄化植株叶营养的N、P、K、Cu含量比健叶含量升高；随着黄化程度加重，N、P、K含量有明显升高趋势，Ca、Mn呈明显降低趋势。全铁在健康植株和黄化植株之间的变化没有规律性；铜缺乏可能是某些条件下猕猴桃植株黄化比较严重(叶片呈白色)的主要原因之一。 二、因子分析结果表明黄化病的发生与果园或植株的整体营养水平有很大的相关性。得出Cu、P、Fe、Mn、Mg、K等元素是对猕猴桃健叶贡献较大的元素，适当增加这几种元素的含量将有助于叶片的健康成长；黄化叶片的因子分析结果表明元素之间互作关系复杂，主要表现在：①轻微黄化时，N、K含量过高抑制了Fe、Zn等的吸收，使叶片中元素平衡失调，引起叶片黄化；②黄化较严重时，Ca、B、Mg含量过高影响了Fe的吸收，是引起黄化病的主要原因。 三、通过通径分析中决策系数的比较，黄化一级的营养状况下，主要是N、Mn、Mg影响了整体营养的平衡；而黄化二级和黄化三级的营养状况下，除与上述Mn、Mg、N元素有关外，还与Cu、K有关。在黄化一级的条件下，Fe元素是发生黄化病的限制性因素，是引起黄化的主要原因；在黄化二级和黄化三级营养状况下，K元素是发生黄化病的限制性因素，适当补钾可以有效缓解猕猴桃黄化病的发生，但防治的有效措施仍是以补充Fe、Zn、Cu等微量元素为主。 四、新配置的膏剂施用后，以叶绿素增长率评判各配方的复绿效果，结果表明配方6和配方15在不同黄化程度的试验地中的效果均较好，但在黄化严重的条件下，配方15有轻微肥害发生；综合考虑各膏剂中的营养元素的比例、在不同黄化程度试验地中的防效及肥害现象、猕猴桃的生物学特性和需肥特点等几个因素，在上述分析的基础上确定了防治猕猴桃黄化病的膏剂基本配方。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent years, the Chlorosis of kiwifruit, a kind of physiological disease, became widespread and serious in Shaanxi province. This paper determined nutrient elements of green leaves and different class chlorosis leaves of "Qinmen" kiwifruit tree (Actinida deliciosab cv.’Qinmen’), including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc(Zn),calcium (Ca),magnesium (Mg),boron (B) and content of chlorophyll, in order to find how various elements affect chlorosis, and gave a prescription curing Chlorosis of Kiwifruit. The results were listed as follows:1 The comparison of nutrient element contents showed that chlorosis leaves were high in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and low in calcium and manganese. While the difference of total iron content between green leaves and chlorosis leaves was not obvious. Perhaps lower copper consistency is one main cause of chlorosis of kiwifruit in certain kiwifruit orchards.2 The results of factor analyzing showed that there was a better relevance between the occurrence of chlorosis and the nutrition level of kiwifruit orchards. The elements copper, phosphorus, iron, manganese, magnesium, potassium were important for the health of kiwifruit. chlorophyll of leaves. The results of chlorosis leaves’ factor showed that calcium, boron, iron and zinc were relevant to the chlorosis of kiwifruit. Under the first class of chlorosis, higher content in nitrogen and potassium can restrain kiwifruit to absorb iron and zinc. As a result, the nutrient balance of kiwifruit was destroyed. Under more serious chlorosis condition, calcium , boron and magnesium in high content is the main cause induced chlorosis.3 The R2(j) value of chlorosis leaves showed that nitrogen, manganese and magnesium effected the chlorosis under the condition of first chlorosis level, and iron is the restrictive element. Under the second and third chlorosis level, the copper and potassium is important as well, and potassium was the restrictive element.4 Based on above-mentioned conclusion, there were 15 prescriptions for chlorosis. The results showed that the 6# and 15# were good, although 15# has some reverse effect without enough water. This paper had appropriate scale after experiment.更多还原