浙江省可持续发展的城市水价研究

【作者】 丁科亮；

【导师】 吴添祖；

【作者基本信息】 浙江工业大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 水资源是重要的战略资源，1992年在里约热内卢举行的联合国环境和发展大会通过的《21世纪议程》指出：淡水是一种有限的资源，不仅为维持地球上一切生命所需要，且对一切社会经济部门都具有生死攸关的重要意义。目前全球范围有80多个国家20多亿人口正面临缺水威胁。水危机已成为21世纪人类所面临的重大挑战之一。 要解决水危机，不仅要采用节水技术和加强水管理，也要灵活的运用经济手段尤其是价格杠杆，同时要建立规范的市场体系和完善政府宏观调控。西方学者Biswas曾预言，解决21世纪水资源危机的出路之一就是对水资源进行标价和成本回收。在我国，对水资源价值的重新认识和价格市场化，是近些年来水利学界一个热点。 浙江省水资源缺乏，人均水资源占有量不足世界平均水平的四分之一，且存在大量浪费和低效利用。随着浙江省经济的发展和城市化进程的加快，水资源将成为浙江省未来经济和社会发展的巨大制约，采用经济手段协调水资源与经济社会和城市的发展将是浙江省重要的战略选择。因此研究可持续发展下的城市水价具有十分重要的理论及现实意义。 本论文分两部分展开，理论部分主要是从水资源价值和水价定价方法出发，探讨合理水价制度的构成即科学的水价形成制度和有效的水价实施制度，并提出可持续水价的内涵和定价思想。实践方面从总结国内外水价实践入手，在可持续发展思想指导下对浙江省城市水价现状与变化、供水行业存在的问题、供水成本和用户的负担能力进行深入分析，最后有针对性地提出浙江省城市水价改革的两个目标和八项对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water resource is an important strategic resource. Passed by 1972 UN conference on the human environment and Development in Riode Janeiro , The agenda for 21st century initiated, plain water, as a kind of limit resource, is not only essential for the existence of all being on earth, but vital to all social sectors . At present there are more than 2 billion people in 80 countries facing the threat of water shortage. Global water crisis has already became one of the greatest challenge in the 21 st century.To solve water crisis, on one hand, we should improve the present unefficient ways of water usage and strengthen control of water use, on the other hand, we should turn to the help of flexile methods of economics especially reasonable pricing ways .Certainly related market system are also required to established and governmental regulation need reinforce. A western expert named biswas had ever predicted, one possible solution of water crisis is pricing water resource and recovering its full cost. In China , redefining the value of water resource and pricing it according to the principle of market-oriented economy are becoming a hot topic of research in recent years.Zhejiang is a poor-water province with water volume per head no less than a quarter of world average level. Moreover, its limited water was seriously wasted and polluted . With the development of zhejiang’s economy and urbanization, water resource will probably become the bottleneck. Therefore, how to coordinate water, economy and society prefectly will be a thorny problem of Zhejiang must confront. In this sense, research of urban water price under sustainable development is of great theoretical and practical meaning.This dissertation is developed from two aspects, theory and reality. The theoretic part start with exploring water resource value and the formation of urban water value, which pave way for the formation mechanism of urban water, then classify and compare various pricing ways, at last elaborate the content of water price system. The practical part started from domestic and overseas practice of urban water price, then under the framework of sustainable development, analyze the status pro and change of Zhejiang urban water, find out the existing problems, and cost factors and endurance of water fee. Finally ,two main objective of water price renovation are put forwarded and eight concrete countermeasures are given.更多还原