【作者】 胡彦师；

【导师】 梁一池；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 森林培育， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 马尾松生长迅速、适应性强、用途多，是我国南方主要的乡土树种和最重要的用材、造纸和能源树种。随着天然马尾松林面积锐减及对木材需求量的增加，营建优质、高产的马尾松速生丰产林基地已成为发展我国工业人工林的必然要求，而马尾松是多用途早成材的树种，是优质、高产人工林建设的首选树种，而且在培育造纸材与径级用材方面具有十分突出的优势。由此可见，马尾松在我国林业建设中享有十分显要的地位。 林木育种的主要目标和根本任务，就是发掘、鉴定和利用遗传的变异，通过选择、固定和繁殖有益的变异体，最后选育出符合育种目标要求的种植材料。即通过选择优良的基因型，提高有利基因的频率，改变林木群体的结构，提高林木群体的遗传水平，选育出木材或其它林产品产量高、质量好、抗性强的优良品系。林木良种作为造林的基本繁殖材料，在营林生产中对于充分利用自然生产力，提高林木产量和质量，增强林木抗性，以及发挥森林多种效益等方面都具有非常重要的作用。21世纪的中国林业必须走可持续发展的道路，而其根本途径之一就是选育和应用良种。 本文在福建省马尾松优良种源区内，采取五株优势木对比法进行优树选择，共选出优树208株，分别采集球果制种，培育容器苗，按种子园家系设计配置，营建马尾松局部分布区试验林，分生产区和子代测定区。根据优树子代树高、胸径等性状的调查资料，通过现代育种学原理与数量遗传分析相结合，进行子代测定及遗传参数估算，为高世代遗传育种提供理论依据，同时提出了高世代改良的策略。现将本研究主要结论归纳如下： 1、方差分析及多重比较结果表明，家系间树高、胸径和材积3个生长性状存在极显著的差异，一方面说明了从参试的马尾松优树子代中进一步选择，可望选出生产力高的丰产家系；另一方面说明了根据表型选择得到的优树后代仍分化明显，表型优良并不意味着基因型优良，必须经过遗传测定，选出基因型优良的家系，才能获得更大的效益。 2、马尾松优树子代多性状间的相关系数达到显著水准（1％水准），其中以1998年3个生长性状间的相关最为突出，r_H-D=0.8276，r_H-V=0.8503，r_D-V=0.9601，说明对其中一个生长性状进行选择就会对另外两个性状产生显著的直接效应，其选择效果好，可靠性强。 3、数量遗传分析表明，马尾松优树子代家系间各生长性状都具有中等以上的遗传力，且随树龄的增大变化较小，处于相对稳定的状态，说明用遗传力作为参数进行马尾松优良家系选择是比较稳定可靠的。生长性状在家系间丰富的遗传变异，以及受较强的遗传控制，更加证实了马尾松家系选择的巨大潜力。 4、经聚类分析，可将马尾松优树子代划分为5类，其中Ⅰ类极速生家系3个，福建农林大学二00三届硕士研究生学位论文选择的平均遗传增益树高为7.154%，胸径为14.78%，材积为42.94%;n类属速生类型，共19个家系，选择的平均遗传增益树高为3.46%，胸径为9.18%，材积为22.29%。I、n类共22个家系，拟作为马尾松速生优良家系。 5、经主成分与系统聚类方法对马尾松优树子代进行多性状的综合评价，第一主成分的累计贡献率为92%，主成分遗传距离指数为:工钩.929H+0.97D+0.978v。以遗传距离指数得分值大小进行系统聚类，将参试家系分为5类，其中极速生家系3个（103、107、47），速生家系22个，两者合计达25个，共占参试家系的25%，平均胸径遗传增益超过8.5%，平均材积遗传增益超过20.88%。 6、以生产力指数作为丰产性测度对马尾松优树子代家系生产力水平进行评价，对于指导马尾松良种繁育工作具有积极的意义。结果将参试家系分为5类，其中极速生家系7个（47、103、107、119、105、40、 39），平均生产力指数值为0.1733，年均生长量达“.73cm，可初步评定为极速生优良家系。优树子代家系速生稳定性分析可将参试家系分为速生稳定、较速生稳定、较速生较稳定、较速生不稳定和慢生穗定五种类型。 7、以坐标综合评定及主成分分析等多变量分析法对优树的质量进行综合评定，将优树划分为三种优树类群，并提出了优树分类指标标准，其中第一类优树占23.56%，胸径年均生长量1.33cm、树高年均生长量0.95m、材积年均生长量0.O29m，。 8、从单一性状到多性状的综合评价比较，都表明100个参试家系中的39、40、47、103、105、107、119等7个家系表现最好。 9、本文提出马尾松多世代遗传改良方案，设计达到了马尾松高世代遗传改良的三个目标:获得最大的短期和长期遗传增益以及广泛的遗传基沐出，并可灵活地进行杭逆性、材性、结实性等其它方面的改良。更多还原

【Abstract】 Finns massoniana Lamb, is an important coniferous tree in region of subtropical zone of China. It’s a species used as materials, energy sources and to make paper, it has some traits such as fast-growing, more adaptive faculty and multiuse. It was firstly selected as a early-ripening, high-quality and high-yielding species to develop plantations, furthermore it’s provided with a full conspicuous predominance in cultivating papermaking material and different diameter class timberland. Thus it can be seen, this species plays a very important role in the forestry development of our country.With the decreasing area of natural stands of masson pine, it’s necessary to set up the base with high quality & productivity of rapid growing and high yield timber land in order to develop the industrial plantations of our country.The main goal and basic task of the forest breeding are explore, authenticate and make use of hereditary variation, through selection, fastness and breeding useful variant, finally we get the planting material which accords with the goal request of the breeding. That’s to say we can enhance the frequency of the favorable gene through the selection of excellent genotype, change the structure of the colony of the forest, improve the hereditary level of the colony of the forest, to selected out some excellent variety which timber or other forestry products output high, high-quality and strongly ability of anti-adversity. As the basic breeding material, the forest excellent cultivars possess a very important effect in many aspects such as take full advantage of nature productivity; improve the yield and quality of forest; strengthen the resisting of forest; as well as bring into play multi-benefit of forest. The Chinese forestry in the 21st century must take the road to sustainable development, and that one of the basic way is to select and apply excellent cultivars.In 1992, 208 plus trees were selected from the natural forest within the fine provenances region of Pinus massoniana in 6 counties of Fujian Province and collect cones to make seeds from individual plus tree, then breeding container seeding. There were altogether 100 families, in 1994, the plus tree progeny test plantations of P. massoniana were constructed in some areas of Fujian Province.The progeny test, based on the selection of phenotype plus tree is carried out and genetic parameter is also estimated by the means of combined principle of modern breeding with quantitative genetic analysis. At the same time it provide theory base of the advanced-generation genetic improvement, the strategy of advanced generation genetics improvement are put forward, the main results and conclusions is presented as follows:1. The results of variance analysis and multiple comparisons indicate that different families of Finns massoniana have highly significant difference in height, DBH and volume. The high-yield families will be selected from the families of plus tree’s progeny; on the other hand, the progeny of the plus tree has distinct polarization, which selected by selection of phenotype, but it does not true that the fine phenotype must means the genotype is fine. So in order to get more benefit we must selected out the elite genotype through genetic test.2. The correlative coefficients of multiple-traits of masson pine’s progeny reached remarkable level, it explains that it will produce remarkable direct effect to the other two characters if we selected onegrowth character, moreover the reliability is strong.3. Quantitative genetic analysis indicates that there are ample genetic variations among families and all these variations were mainly controlled by genetic factors. This much more confirmed that there is enormous potentiality in the selection of families. The heritabilith changed in a very small range with years and kept in a relative steady state. The selection of families is more steady and reliable if we use the heritability as parameter.4. The progeny of plus were classified into 5 groups by clustering analysis, the更多还原