【作者】 杨主泉；

【导师】 江希钿；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 森林经理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 森林成熟是森林经营利用中的一个重要的技术经济指标，是确定林分或林木采伐利用时间—轮伐期和择伐周期的主要基础。长期以来，林学界以用材林为主要研究对象，研究了各种林分的成熟，但对马尾松造纸原料林的成熟研究甚少，至于对马尾松材性成熟和生物量成熟的研究，则还是一片空白。马尾松是我国南方最主要的制桨造纸用材树种，大力发展马尾松纸桨原料林对于缓解我国造纸业原料供应的紧张状况，减少每年进口木桨的大量外汇支出具有重要的现实意义和经济意义。如何提高马尾松造纸原料林的经营水平，实现经营的科学化是目前迫切需要解决的问题。 用材林经营管理的实质是对森林通过人为的控制使其生产出数量多、质量优的木材，实现经济效益最大化。要达到这一目标，必须对所管理的对象有一个清楚的了解。然而林分是一个结构复杂、影响因子多且相互关联的生态系统，其生长周期长，且对所实施的管理决策的容错性差，这些特点给合理的经营决策增大了难度。因此，在制定正确的森林经营决策之前，首先必须建立林分生长与收获模型，以掌握林分结构、生长动态、货币收获变化规律，并预测林分对即将实施措施的反应。然后根据立地条件和培育目标，通过模型系统再导出各种生长及经营模式。本文根据收集的标准地材料和技术经济指标，建立了林分密度指数及动态预估模型、地位指数曲线模型、林分断面积生长模型、平均直径模型和株数模型、平均树高生长模型、林分蓄积量模型、间伐模拟模型和出材量模型。 一种植物纤维原料是否合于造纸，合于生产什么品种的纸张，就必须考虑到原料的化学组成、纤维形态。本文首先通过分析林分密度对马尾松木材材性的影响：(1)木材的生长轮宽度、晚材率与基本密度是木材构造的基本特性，它影响着木材管胞形态等其它特性，从而对木材的制浆和造纸有着重要影响。分析表明，木材的基本密度随着林分密度的增大而呈增大趋势，但到达一定限度后开始下降。生长轮随着林分密度的增大而不断变窄，晚材率则呈现出上升的变化趋势。(2)管胞是构成马尾松木材的主要组分，约占木材细胞的90％以上。对于造纸来说，管胞(纤维)长度和管胞壁腔比是影响造纸质量的重要指标。当管胞长度达0.3mm以上后，管胞腔径比越大，则管胞越容易压溃，交织性能和纸张平滑度也更强。分析表明，在较低密度时，林分密度与管胞的长度呈正相关，即林分密度越大，管胞越长。高密度则负相关。这种变化趋势与生长轮宽度的变化趋势恰好相反。不同密度林分的管胞的厚度和壁腔比的差异不大，但基本呈现出随林分密度的增大而不断加大的变化趋势。(3)木材的化学组成对制浆造纸有着重要的影响。分析表明，不同密度林分的木材化学成分含量变化的规律性不明显，略微呈现出随着造林密度的增加，纤维素的含量逐渐增加，木质素的含量呈下降的趋势，多缩戊糖则呈现上升的趋势，1％NaOH抽取物则是升—降—升的趋势，苯醇抽取物的含量逐渐增加的变化趋势。总体来说，各处理的纤维素含量均已达到较高水平，而木质素及多缩戊糖的含量水平较低或正常。因此，从总体上说，林分密度对马尾松木材材性的影响不十分明显，而以高密度林分略显优势，更适合于纸浆用材林。 变异性是木材的重要特征。不同树种木材性质的差异使木材具有广泛的用途。但是相同木材，尤其是随着年龄的增长，木材特性的变异，使木材的材质具有很大的不确定性和不均匀性，给预估木材的价值和加工带来了很大的不便。分析表明：(1)各个处理木材的生长轮宽度在径向上的变化，从髓心向外均呈现出先升后降到逐渐平稳的规律。晚材率的径向变异呈现出在12a以前随着生长轮年龄的增加而迅速福建农林大学2003届硕士研究生学位论文增加，12a以后晚材率的变化逐渐趋于稳定，但仍有上下波动。与晚材率和生长轮宽度的径向变化趋势相应，幼年期，各处理间木材基本密度的差异不大，进入成年期后，林分密度越大，木材的墓本密度越大.(2)髓心附近的管胞最短，只有1.62一2.16二，往外逐渐增加，到14a时，管胞的长度达到了4.03一5.04。，之后虽有上下波动，但波动幅度很小.管胞径壁厚度的径向变异总的趋势是:从髓心向外壁厚逐渐增加，8一10年后厚度变化趋于稳定.髓心处管胞径壁厚度不同处理在3.06一3.56间，而近树皮处厚度增加到5.14一5.73.管胞的壁腔比的径向变异从髓心向外逐渐变大的，在sa附近有一个高峰，以后渐趋平稳，13a后上升再次加快，直至重新稳定.(3)从髓心向外，纤维素含量增加开始比较快，约到8一10a后，含量增加变缓，此后渐渐趋于平稳.木质素和多戊糖含量从髓心向外变化的规律签本相同，都是起初下降迅速，10年后逐渐稳定.苯醇提取物含量的径向变异则呈现出不同的规律来，即在髓心附近最高，此后逐渐降低，约10年后又开始上升，渐渐趋于德定，含量值上下波动，但波动的幅度不大. 马尾松以其优良的纤维特性，在提供造纸原料方面占有很重要的地位，因此，研究马尾松造纸原料林的生物量模型和生物量的密度效应是十分重要的，特别是研究有经济价值部分的商品材生物量意义更大，更实用。用“生长相对测定法”建立了马尾松?更多还原

【Abstract】 Ripe is a important technical and economic index to management in forestry, it is also the main foundation to determine whether the forestry is the right time for utilzation or not. For a long time, many studys have been done on various kinds of stand, especially in commercial forest, but there is few ripe research to the raw material papermaking of masson pine, as for the ripe research to wood character and biomass, it is still a blank. Masson pine, being the major species for papermaking in the south of China, it has important realistic and economic meaning to develop masson pine forest energetically, it will alleviating the pressure of raw material supply in pulp industry, as well as reduce large amount of foreign currency to import pulp every year. It is urgent to improve the level and apply science in management.The essences of the management and administration of commercial forest are to make their produce timber in large quantity, with excellent quality for control to the forest through people, realize that the economic benefits are maximized. To reach this goal, we should know well about the management. But the stand is a ecosystem with complicated structure and many related influence factors. Add to the long growth period long, it is difficult to carry out the proper management policy. Thus, the growth and obtain models must be established before making the proper manage decision, the structure and grow dynamic and obtain change rule of the stand will be grasped by the models. Then the manage type was made accordance to the site condition and economic index. The models of growth and harvest (the stand’s site index model, the ssite index curl model, the stand area grow model, the average DBH model, the average height grow model, the stand volume model) have been made basing on the collect, investigate and analyze data.The chemical composition and the fibre form must be consider to decide whether that kind of fibre is suitable to certain kind of paper or not. This essay divides the impact on quality of material of timber of masson pine of the density through analysing the wood at first: The growth rounds of widths of timber, late wood it leads to be at basic densities basic characteristic who timber constructed, it influence timber in charge of afterbirth wait for other characteristics is thus not at to make thick liquid have a important bearing on papermaking timber by form. Analysis indicates that the basic density of the timber shows a tendency to increase as divide the increase of the density in the woods, but begin to drop after reaching certain limit. Grow wheel become narrow constantly as divide the increase of the density in the woods, late wood demonstrates the variation tendency of rising by rate.Fibre is a main component part which forms masson pine timber, account for more than 90% of the timber cells. To papermaking, in charge of fibre length and in charge of wall one than influencing papermaking the important indexes of quality. After reaching 0.3 mms and more than in length of fibre, manage a of foot-paths of afterbirth the larger, in charge of the apter it will be for the fibre to press routedly, interweave and level and smooth ones even better paper performance. Analysis indicate, at low densities relatively, woods divide into density with inning charge of the lengths of fibre present relevant, namely woods divide into heavy density andin charge of the longer fibre. The high density is shouldered relevantly. The variation tendencies of this kind of variation tendency and a round of widths of growing are just the opposite. There is to in charge of fibre what woodses divide into of density thickness and wallses than difference strong, But demonstrate increase of dividing into the density and variation tendency strengthened constantly with the woods basically.There is important influence in papermaking in the chemical composition of the timber. Analysis indicates that the regularity that the content of chemical composition of timber divided in different density woods changes i更多还原