【作者】 刘珊；

【导师】 张志杰；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 高等级公路是缩短城与城、城与乡、乡与乡之间相对距离和加强其相互联系的工程，具有线性和连续性的特征，项目特点决定着高速公路需要穿越它可能遇到的一切生态系统，并对这些自然生态系统或自然资源产生影响。高等级公路建设对生态环境的影响包括两个方面，一是对生态环境的建设具有支持作用，二是对生态环境产生的廊道与分割效应、迫近效应、诱导效应以及工程直接引起的占用土地资源、加重水土流失、改变水文条件、砍伐森林草被、污染空气和水质等不利影响，只要综合决策意识，改进设计思路，科学环保设计，精心组织施工，采取避让和补偿措施及建立健全法规，强化交通管理，可以做到公路与生态环境的协调发展。 高等级公路建设与生态环境协调发展的系统研究在国内尚不多见，这一问题研究对促进我国高等级公路建设持续发展具有重要的战略意义。本论文在分析了高等级公路建设与生态环境关系的基础上，提出了公路建设与生态环境协调发展的基本思路；深入论述了路域生态系统的结构与功能；根据生态学原理，对影响生态系统的各因子的变化情况进行定量化分析，首次提出了评价项目整体生态影响的生态综合评价指数法：根据各因子在具体项目全部生态影响因子中的重要程度赋以权值，确定出整个项目的生态影响度，模式为P=∑X_i·F_i·K_i·C_i；最后提出了高等级公路建设中生态环境保护的设计原则及保护方法。 这一研究结果在我国公路建设的环境影响评价与生态环境保护中，有重要的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-grade highway can shorten the distance of city from city or from country, which is an engineering to strengthen their relationship. Highway is characterized by continuous line, this feature revealed that highway must go through the nature ecologic system along its line, so the construction of highway must have influence on ecologic environment and nature resources. This affection includes two aspects, the one is active for ecologic environment development, the other one is negative, such as the division of ecologic system, the occupancy of lands, the fluiding and losing of water and soil, the changes of hydrologic condition, the destroy of forest and vegetation, the pollution of air and water, and so on. But we can make decision scientifically, change design ideas, carry out environmental proof, regulate laws and strengthen traffic management to avoid the negative influence. So highway engineering can be developed coordinatively with ecologic environment.In China, the systemic study about the coordinative development has been done, but it is not enough, so this study has a great meanings for highway engineering’s sustainable development. In this paper, the relationship of high construction with ecologic environment is discussed, the basic way and idea about the coordinative development are presented, the structure and function of ecologic system along lines are analyzed. According to the principle of ecology, the changes of influence factors on ecologic system are studied quantitily. The synthetic index method for evaluating highway program’s ecologic system is put forward. The right values of influence factors are calculated so as to compute the program’s influencing degree, its formula is At last, the design rules and methods for protecting ecologic environment along lines are derived.The result of this study will be for reference to the ecologic environmental assessment and ecologic protection for Chinese highway items .更多还原