【作者】 闫辉；

【导师】 张丽华；

【作者基本信息】 华北工学院 ， 材料学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 高吸水性树脂是一种交联的功能高分子材料，应用较为广泛。本文首先对高吸水性树脂吸水率过滤法测定的标准化条件进行了研究。以环己烷为连续相、水为分散相、部分中和的丙烯酸为单体、K₂S₂O₈为引发剂、N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、Span-80为稳定剂，采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸钾、聚丙烯酸铵高吸水性树脂，较详细地探讨了有关因素对吸水率的影响，总结了丙烯酸一价盐的聚合规律，进一步丰富了电解质的聚合理论。 基于对高吸水性树脂耐盐性的理解，笔者提出了高吸水性树脂改善耐盐性的途径和方法，并利用加入第三单体——丙烯酰胺的方法大大改善了其耐盐性，合成了耐盐性较好的吸水树脂。在此基础上，合成了吸水倍率高达2700多倍的超高吸水性树脂。 文中利用红外光谱、SEM、DTA对所合成的树脂进行了表征和分析。通过SEM照片我们发现，纯的聚丙烯酸盐高吸水性树脂乳胶粒在沉淀洗涤的过程中由于自粘结作用大部分被破坏了，形成难以破坏的块状物，而部分中和的丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物高吸水性树脂的乳胶粒完整无缺，形成较为松散的粒状物。 另外，本文利用合成的高吸水性树脂通过一系列室内和小范围田地实验获得了有关高吸水性树脂的施用条件及施用量的基本数据，针对不同情况提出了合适的施用方法和施用量。本文还利用高吸水性树脂制备了性能较好的防结露涂料，弥补了国内研究不足的现状。更多还原

【Abstract】 Super absorbent polymer (SAP) is a widely used cross-linked functional polymer material. This paper has studied on normalization of measuring conditions by filtration for SAP firstly. SAP such as polyacrylate sodium, potassium and ammonium were synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization which using cyclohexane as continuous phase and water as dispersed phase. In this polymerization, partially neutralized acrylic acid acts as monomer, potassium peroxydisulfate as initator, N,N’-methylene-bis-acryl amide as cross-liker,and span-80 as stable agent. The relations between water absorbency and the amount of suspending agent, initiator, cross-linker, pH of monomer solution and reaction temperature were studied. The regularity of acrylates polymerizations was summarized which enrich the theory of electrolyte polymerizations.On the basis of comprehension about SAP’s salt-tolerant property, the author puts forward pathways and methods to improve SAP’s salt-tolerant property, and SAP possessing outstanding salt-tolerant property was synthesized by added the thirdmonomer -acryl amide. SAP absorbing 2700 mL/g deionized water was alsosynthesized.SEM, IR and DTA were used to characterize and analysis the acquired SAPs. According to experiment processes and SEM photographs of the best polymer, pure polyacrylate’s emulsiods were destroyed during preparation and lumps caused by self-cohesive action were formed and difficult to break up, which the co-polymers emulsiods from partially neutralized acrylic acid and acryl amide forming into unconsolidated bulkload were undivided.Additionally, basic data of SAP about using conditions and quantities were acquired through a series of indoor and outdoor experiments. Suitable methods and quantity for various situations were brought forward.Antifogging coatings with preferable properties were prepared using SAPs in this thesis, which fills up domestic research deficiency in this field.更多还原