【作者】 吴庆标；

【导师】 温远光；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 生态学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 岩溶区，特别是石漠化的恢复，关键是森林植被的恢复和重建，主要采取的措施有以封山育林为主的自然恢复过程和以人工造林为主的人工促进恢复过程。广西岩溶区人工生态恢复模式主要有任豆模式、台湾相思模式、肥牛树模式、山黄皮模式、蚬木模式、垂柏模式、吊丝竹模式、金银花模式、山葡萄模式等。本文就在国内影响较大的6种广西岩溶区人工生态植被恢复模式展开调查研究，从各模式的生物多样性、生物量、生长状况、经营作物器官营养元素的空间分布等方面深入分析，并寻找出影响广西岩溶区人工植被恢复模式可持续经营的影响因子，探讨广西岩溶区人工植被恢复的可持续经营评价体系和经营对策。研究结果表明：(1)广西岩溶区人工生态恢复模式群落结构简单，树种搭配过于单纯。乔木层、灌木层和草本层，其物种丰富度均比岩溶区天然植被的物种丰富度略有偏低，其中任豆模式、台湾相思模式、吊丝竹模式、山葡萄模式、金银花模式、玉米模式等的乔木层物种数(S)分别为：4，2，4，0，0，0；灌木层物种数分别为：24，24，14，25，15，16；草本层分别为：14，15，16，15，21，11。(2)用树干解析法对在岩溶区生长的任豆、台湾相思树种进行树干生长分析，它们的胸径、树高、材积生长在初期、中期表现生长迅速，速生期来得早，速生持续时间短。其中，任豆树种速生期一般在造林后2-10年之间，而台湾相思速生持续时间相对长一些。(3)对岩溶区各生态恢复模式进行生物量比较研究，其中任豆模式、台湾相思模式、吊丝竹模式、山葡萄模式、金银花模式的主要经营物种的地上生物量分别为：8.4736 t／hm~2，62.5470 t／hm~，7.6455 t／hm~2，0.7408t／hm~2，1.4628 t／hm~2；各模式灌木层地上生物量分别为：0.6358 t／hm~2，0.6975t／hm~2，0.0417 t／hm~2，0.3546 t／hm~2，0.3640 t／hm~2；草本层的地上生物量分别为：0.0798 t／hm~2，0.1131 t／hm~2，0.1117 t／hm~2，1.2067 t／hm~2，0.4494 t／hm~2 (4)对主要经营作物的器官营养元素含量研究表明，叶器官的营养元素含量一般情况下是最高的，在树干材、竹秆中是较低的。(5)不同模式其产品的输出类型和数量是不同的，因而各模式的系统产品输出所导致的系统养分损失是不同的，竹秆类、树干材类产品的输出对生态系统的养分损失较少，而任豆叶、竹笋、玉米粒等产品输出对生态系统的养分损失较大。(6)在探讨岩溶区石漠化恢复可行性途径过 摘 要程中，认为在士壤较多但植被覆盖低的岩溶山地应优先进行人工植被的生态恢复，可大大加速岩溶区生态恢复的治理进程。（）制约岩溶区生态恢复可持续经营的影响因素是多方面的，本文认为最主要的影响因素是岩溶区土壤生态系统的脆弱性和生物多样性偏低，而人为管理措施的好坏对其有促进或破坏作用。（8）本文将评价岩溶区生态恢复模式可持续经营指标体系分为生态系统抗性和弹性指标、环境影响指标、社会经济公益指标等。（9）本文较为全面地提出了广西岩溶区植被生态恢复模式的可持续经营对策，不仅要保证经营模式生态系统的整体功能持续稳定和健康，而且要保证当地群众获得一定的经济利益，使群众安居乐业，促进农村经济发展和维持社会稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ecological restoration of the limestone region, especially in the rock-desertification region , is the vegetation’s restoration and reconstruction .Its restoration measures include :the natural restora -tion mainly using the enclosed management ; the artificial- promoted restoration mainly using afforestation . The artificial restoration patterns in limestone region of Guangxi include: Zenia insignis pattern ; Acacia richii pattern; Cephalomappasinense pattern ; Clausena excavata pattern ;Excentrodendrom hsienmu pattern ; Cupressusfunebris pattern ;Sinocalamus manor pattern ; Lonicera japonica pattern ; Cayratia corni -culata pattern ;Zeamays pattern etc . The paper selected the six patterns (of Zenia insignis pattern ; Acacia richii pattern; Sinocalamus monor pattern ; Lonicera japonica pattern ; Cayratia corniculata pattern ;Zea mays pattern )and carried out the research . Based on the analysis of the different patterns’ biodiversity ,biomass .productivity and the manage -ment species organs’ nutrient element concentration and distribution, etc, the paper tried to find out the factors which had significant influence on the limestone artificial restoration patterns’ sustainable manage -ment , discussing the patterns’ sustainable management assessment indicators and their sustainable management strategy .The results show: (1)These patterns have simple community structure and simple afforesta -tion species .The species abundance (S) (of Zenia insignis pattern ; Acacia richii pattern; Sinocalamus monor pattern ; Cayratia corniculata pattern ; Cayratia corniculata pattern ; Lonicera japonica pattern ; Zea mays pattern ) in the tree layer respectively is 4, 2, 4, 0, 0, 0; in the shrub layer respectively is 24, 24, 14, 25, 15, 16: in the herb layer respectivelyis : 14, 15, 16, 15, 21, 11. (2) By using the disc pole separation method, the paper carried out the analysis of the growth of Zenia insignis and Acacia richii. Theannual increment of DBH, tree height and pole volume is quick in the early stage and the middle stage and subsequently lower in the late stage . The quick increment period is early and its interval is short .The quick increment period in the Zenia insignis’ growth is in the 2-10 years after successful afforestation .while the quick increment period in the Acacia richii growth is comparatively longer. (3) The paper carried out the biomass research . The above-ground biomass of the five management species (Zenia insignis , Acacia richii, Sinocalamus manor, Cayratia corniculata, Lonicera japonica) respectively is 8.4736 t/hm2 , 62.5470 t/hm2, 7.6455 t/hm2, 0.7408 t/hm2, 1.4628 t/hm2; the above-ground shrub biomass in these five patterns respectively is : 0.6358 t/hm2, 0.6975 t/hm2, 0.0417t/hm , 0.3546 t/hm , 0.3640 t/hm ; the above-ground herb biomass in these five patterns respectively is: 0.0798 t/hm2, 0.1131 t/hm2, 0.1117 t/hm2, 1.2067 t/hm2, 0.4494 t/hm2 . (4) The paper carried out the management species organs’ nutrient element concentration analysis . The nutrient element concentration in the these species’ leaf is generally highest , while is comparatively lower in the over-bark tree pole or the bamboo pole . (5) There are different primary product types and different product quantity in different artificial restoration patterns. There -fore , the ecosystem nutrient element losses are different due to different products output in different patterns. For example, the ecosystem nutrient losses are lower due to the output of tree pole or bamboo pole, but are higher due to the output of Zenia insignis leaf, bamboo shoot or Zea mays particle (6) In the discussing process of the feasible restoration paths in the limestone region , the paper found out that if we carried out the artificial ecological restoration prior to the limestone sites which had the deep soil layer and rare vegetation, we could accelerate the lime -stone region’ s ecological restoration process. (7) There were manyfactors, which had effect on the sustainable management of the limestone ecological restoration p更多还原