【作者】 刘肖梅；

【导师】 周衍平； 葛颜祥；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，被称为“朝阳产业”和“无烟产业”的旅游业以其前所未有的速度迅猛发展，特别是近20年来取得了辉煌的成就。就我国旅游创汇而言，1978年我国居世界第41位，到1998年跃居世界第7位。旅游以及相关产业，可以说从无到有，从小到大地飞跃发展，并逐步成为我国国民经济的支柱产业。据业内人士预测，到2020年中国将成为世界最大的旅游目的地和第四大客源国。生态旅游作为一种旅游发展形式应运而生。近年来，发展势头迅猛，已成为当今世界21世纪旅游发展的主流。它的产生不仅在于适应了人们回归自然的需求，更在于改变了生态环境日益严重的危机，生态旅游的产生对于旅游区的保护和持续发展将有重大的实践意义。然而，在生态旅游发展过程中存在的低技术含量的设计，特别是忽视生态的完整性、协调性、保护性和持续性的粗放扩张方式，不仅限制了生态旅游发展的上行空间，而且导致了生态旅游资源的退化。山东是一个经济大省，也是一个生态旅游资源丰富、品位高的区域。近年来，在全球旅游发展热潮中，山东已把生态旅游的发展放在了重要位置，引起了普遍的重视。本文旨在世界旅游大发展的背景之下，分析山东发展生态旅游的优越条件，提出山东发展生态旅游的战略模式和发展规划，并指出其在发展过程中应注意的问题和相应的管理对策，以期对实践有所指导。全文共分为五部分内容：第一部分,引言。主要对本文的选题目的和意义、研究动态、研究范围、研究方法等作了简要说明。第二部分，相关概念辨析及生态旅游概念的界定。从不同角度，对旅游发展的不同方式进行概述，对自然旅游、大众旅游、传统旅游、观光旅游、地质旅游、探险旅游、可持续旅游等相关概念进行对比分析，阐明他们与生态旅游之间的区别和联系，对本文所涉及的生态旅游的概念做出界定，并论述其本质。第三部分，生态旅游发展的理论基础。对生态旅游发展所依据的理论基础进行分析和探讨，主要是从生态学、经济学、管理学等三个方面来入手。包括：可持续发展理论、生态学理论基础、生态伦理学理论基础等；经济学理论有外部性理论、旅游地生命周期理论以及管理学领域中的系统管理理论和权变管理理论等。第四部分，国内外生态旅游发展的典型案例分析比较。从不同地域：分别从美洲、欧洲、亚洲三个不同区域，选取有代表性的国家或地区，如美国、加拿大、肯尼亚、日本、新加坡等，对其生态旅游的发展进行实证研究。立足于自然旅游资源是开展生态旅游的主要资源，选取国内有代表性的区域，如安徽黄<WP=5>山，进行实证分析。探究其发展过程中的成功经验，分析在不同条件下发展生态旅游的共同点和不同点，为发展山东的生态旅游提供宝贵的实践资料。第五部分，山东省生态旅游的发展现状与前景分析。阐述山东发展生态旅游的历程、现状和存在问题，论述发展生态旅游的优势条件，阐述在发展山东生态旅游的过程中存在的问题，展现山东省发展生态旅游的广阔前景。第六部分，山东生态旅游的发展设想。在阐述生态旅游发展原则的基础上，根据山东生态旅游的资源特点，因地制宜地提出发展山东生态旅游的总体规划和战略模式。从旅游线路设计、旅游品牌塑造、旅游市场层次划分以及发展措施等几个方面进行论述，提出了加快发展山东生态旅游的构想和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present,the tourism which is crowned with "Rising Industry" and "Smokeless Industry",has developed at an rapid speed and achieved considerable success in last two decades.In terms of earning foreign exchanges by tourism,China ranked 41st in the world in 1978 and leaped to 1th in 1998.The tourism and correlated industries have come to be the mainstay of Chinese natural economy with a rapid growth from weak to strong.It is predicted that China will be the biggest towing destination and be ranked 4th in the world in the respect of towing resources.As a type of modern tourism,ecological tourism is emerging as the time demand and leaping to the mainstream of world tourist in 21st Century.It meets the reed of human to return to the nature as well as the urgent need for changing critical situation for better ecological system.However,many drawbacks exist in tourist development,including low level technology and extencive expansion which ignores the completion, cooperation,conservation and continuation of ecological development.They limit the future development while leading to ecological deterioration.Shandong Province is of great importance with its diverse and high-grade touring resources.It has highlighted the ecological tourism to adapt the worldwide touring upsurge.This thesis aims at guiding the development of ecological tourism by analysis on advanced resources in Shandong and by putting forward tactics and plan for developing ecological tourism,current problems and future countermeasures.This thesis consists of 5 partsIn part one,difference touring from are introduced from Various aspect,which include:natural,mass,traditional,<WP=42>sightseeing,geographic,adventuring and sustainable tours, and then they are analyzed in order the distinctions can be made and scope and quality can be defined.In part two,the basic theories of ecological tourism are studied in terms of ecology.(i.e.ecological,sustainable theory and ecological ethics) ,economics(i.e.externalism and periodicity of touring cites) and adminstrat ion (i.e.systematic management and adaptability in tactics).In part three,typical touring cases at home and abroad are studied in different areas of America,Europe and Asia where representive courtries are selected to compare as substantial avidences.Then,based on development of natural touring resources the typical domestic tourism is analyzed with evidence of Mount Huang in Anhui Province so that the experiences in successful exploitation and management are learned,thedifferences and similarities different conditions are analyzed and pratical materials are offered to exploit the ecological tourism in Shandong.In part four,the current situation and existing problems on ecological tourism in Shandong are introduced,mainly concerning the history,current development on the base of advanced resources in Shandong.In part five,the author brings forward the suitable overall plan and tactical managing pattern relying on issuing the princilies of ecological development and the characters of resources.Finally,the thesis deals with the design of touring lines,touring brands marketingarrangement and maraging countermeasures,and proposes how to accelerate the development of ecological tourism in Shandong.更多还原