美国对外直接投资的分析及对我国的启示

【作者】 尹建军；

【导师】 贾怀勤；

【作者基本信息】 对外经济贸易大学 ， 国际企业管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 对外直接投资，开展跨国经营，在中国还是一项崭新的事业。因此有必要借鉴在世界对外直接投资领域占有重要地位的美国的成功经验。本文总共分三大部分，第一部分主要介绍对外直接投资的六个重要理论，为后续的分析作理论铺垫。在第二部分里，首先按一战前、一二战期间和二战后三个阶段对美国对外直接投资的状况分别作了具体的分析，接着特别分析了二战以来促使美国对外投资飞速发展的动因，然后通过实证分析得出结论：美国政府在促进美国对外直接投资过程中发挥了重要的作用，通过对外直接投资带动了美国的对外贸易、促进了美国的产业升级，使美国企业在国际市场中的竞争力得以增强。本文的第三部分首先分析了中国作为一个发展中国家，实施对外直接接投资是必要的，也是可行的。之后对我国对外直接投资的现状和存在的问题进行了具体分析，最后借鉴美国的经验，针对我国的实际情况，分析了我国进一步发展对外直接投资所应作的区位、产业和宏观支持系统方面的战略决策。在本文的写作过程中，作者参阅了大量文献，收集了尽可能新的统计数据。在分析方法上，笔者采取横向和纵向结合，定性和定量结合，对中美的对外直接投资作了较为全面的分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the speeding of economic globalization and the rise of FDI’s new tide, it is going to be an important part in many countries’ economic developing strategy to encourage the domestic enterprises to carry out international operation. In order to accelerate the development of national economics, almost all the countries are active in utilizing foreign and domestic resource and market. Developed countries are maximizing their profit and building their market network around the world by using FDI. Developing countries also are utilizing FDI to get the best factorial condition and upgrade industrial structure. For China, the biggest developing country in the world, how to utilize FDI to speed its economic sustaining development is an important subject that worth the serious study in theoretical and practical fields. Prime Zhu had pointed out several times that FDI should be implemented and the proper enterprises should be encouraged to develop transnational operation. With the support of government, there has been a great progress in FDI in China, but the scale is still small and many problems still remain during the process of development, therefore it is essential to refer to the mature experience of some developed countries and adjust some polices and strategies properly. America is the biggest country in FDI around the world. Till 2001, its accumulated FDI abroad reached 1,623 billion dollars. With a long history and mature experience in FDI, the U.S. has cultivated a group giant transnational company, which have made full use of domestic and foreign resource and market and promoted American economic development greatly. Under such international environment, it is urgent and meaningful for China to study American successful experience, analyze China’s current condition and figure out the correct strategy. This thesis consists of six chapters. Chapter One goes to the introduction of six important theories: Monopolization Advantage Theory, Product Cycle Theory, Internalization Advantage Theory, Eclectic Theory of International Production, the<WP=10>Theory of Comparative Advantage and the Theory of Investment Development Cycle, which will be the basis of the coming analysis.In Chapter Two, the condition of U.S.A.’s FDI is analyzed concretely according to three stages (before World War I, between World War I and World War II, after World War II). The result revealed that with the change of the domestic economic, some new features occur: FDI’s scale has enlarged greatly and maintained the first place in FDI around the world. The industrial structure in FDI abroad has upgraded step by step, firstly the resource-oriented FDI occupies the biggest proportion, then it gives the place to the manufacture-oriented FDI, and now the service-oriented FDI has replaced the first place. The key investment location has transferred from developing country to developed country. The main capital source of investment also has transferred from remittance investment to subsidiary company’s reinvested earnings. Chapter Three mentions the causes that incited the rapid development of U.S.A.’s FDI. The macro-cause includes the technique revolution and the development of production, capital internationalization and production relationship internationalization and the adjustment of many countries’ polices. The micro-cause includes the pursuing of high profit, the advantages that American companies owned, the contention of stead resource source and international sales market. At the same time, the government has constituted a set of encouraging polices and established some professional organizations which has played a very important role in promoting U.S.A.’s FDI.Chapter Four put the attention on the relationship between U.S.A.’s FDI and its domestic industrial structure and foreign trade. Generally speaking, the change of domestic industrial structure determined the distribution of FDI’s industrial structure, as a return, the development of U.S.A.’s FDI promoted the upgrading of domestic industrial structure of U.S.A.,更多还原