【作者】 徐勇军；

【导师】 朱升云；

【作者基本信息】 中国原子能科学研究院 ， 粒子物理与原子核物理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本工作采用重离子辐照模拟和正电子湮没寿命测量技术研究了加速器驱动洁净能源系统（ADS）散裂中子源束窗材料钨、普通不锈钢和国产改进型316L奥氏体不锈钢在0～30 dpa辐照剂量范围的辐照效应，并对它们的抗辐照性能作了比较。 由于辐照剂量高，若用现有的质子或中子源进行辐照需要几百天时间。采用重离子辐照模拟，仅需几个小时至几十个小时即可达到所需的辐照剂量，大大缩短分析测试周期。为验证重离子模拟辐照的可行性，首先进行了等效剂量下的中子辐照与重离子辐照后α-Al₂O₃样品中辐照损伤及其退火效应研究。实验表明，两种情况下辐照后的α-Al₂O₃材料中产生的辐照损伤及其退火效应一致，说明采用重离子辐照可以很好地模拟中子或质子辐照。 在ADS散裂中子源束窗材料辐照效应研究中，使用80MeV的¹²C或85MeV¹⁹F离子模拟中子及质子辐照在束窗材料中产生的辐照损伤。产生的辐照损伤用正电子湮没寿命测量技术检测。测量结果表明，钨经过20dpa的辐照后，产生较大尺度的空洞；普通不锈钢经22.8dpa的辐照后，出现包含10空位的空位团；国产改进型316L不锈钢经30dpa辐照剂量后，仅产生五空位构成的空位团。 钨、普通不锈钢及国产改进型316L奥氏体不锈钢三种束窗材料的抗辐照性能比较表明：不锈钢的抗辐照性能比钨好，国产改进型不锈钢的抗辐照性能最好；选用不锈钢做ADS散裂中子源束窗材料比钨好，而选用国产改进型不锈钢做束窗材料是最好的选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 Radiation effects have been investigated up to -30 dpa by the heavy ion irradiation simulation and positron annihilation lifetime techniques in the home-made modified 316L stainless steel and the commercially available stainless steel and tungsten, which are used as the beam window materials for the spallation neutron source in Accelerator Driven Radioactive Clean Nuclear Power System (ADS). Their radiation resistance properties are compared.It would take several hundred days to reach such a high dose by using currently available proton and neutron sources, while only several hours to several ten hours by the energetic heavy ion irradiation. Therefore, the heavy ion irradiation simulation is adopted in the present experiment. In order to verify the reliability and validity of the heavy ion irradiation simulation of neutron and proton irradiations, radiation damage and its thermal annealing behavior in a-Al2O3 irradiated at the equivalent dose by 85MeV 19F ions and by En> 1 MeV neutrons, respectively, are studied. The experimental results show that the produced radiation damage and its thermal annealing behavior are the same for both irradiations in a-Al2O3, and that the heavy ion irradiation can well simulate the neutron and/or proton irradiation.Heavy ion irradiation of 80 MeV 12C or 85 MeV 19F is used to simulate the proton and neutron irradiation of the beam window materials for ADS. The irradiation effects are examined by the positron annihilation lifetime technique. The experimental results show that the large-size voids are created in tungsten irradiated to 20 dpa, the 10-vacancy voids are observed in the commercial stainless steel irradiated to 22.8 dpa, and the 5-vacancy voids are detected in the home-made modified 316L stainless steel irradiated to 30 dpa.A comparison of radiation resistant properties for the home-made modified 316L stainless steel and the commercially available stainless steel and tungsten demonstrates that the radiation resistant property of stainless steel is much better than that of tungsten, the stainless steel is a good choice for the beam window material of the ADS, and the modified 316L stainless steel is the best choice.更多还原