【作者】 张辉；

【导师】 梁继农；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文对茄黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliaeKleb.)生物学特性、茄不同品种对黄萎病的抗性及茄黄萎病防治方法进行了研究，取得如下结果： 在从茄子、辣椒、棉花三种作物黄萎病株上分离得到的30个菌株中，其野生型菌落均为黑色，在多代转移培养之后，菌落形态与颜色出现变化，如菌落产生各种形式的角变，丧失产生微菌核能力，菌落白化等。根据其发生变异的难易程度以及变异后代的稳定性，将其分为三类：Ⅰ难变异类型，该类型菌株连续转移培养5代以上仍保持其野生型菌落形态，不发生变异，属于该类型的菌株有4个；Ⅱ中间类型，该类型菌株在培养过程中容易变异，但变异后代不稳定，可以发生回变，属于该类型的菌株有20个；Ⅲ易变异类型，该类型的菌株很容易发生变异，而且变异后代很稳定，不发生回变，属于该类型的菌株有6个。研究选取了包括以上三种类型及不同寄主来源的五个代表菌株分别进行了培养条件及致病性试验。培养试验结果表明不同类型菌株之间及不同寄主来源菌株之间对温度和pH值的要求不存在明显差异，代表菌株在茄子、辣椒、棉花三种作物上交叉接种的致病性试验结果表明，性状变异与致病力之间没有明显相关性，但其致病性在不同作物上似存在明显分化现象。通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对7个不同菌株的可溶性蛋白质谱带进行分析，发现不同寄主来源的菌株及不同致病力的菌株可溶性蛋白质电泳谱带存在一定差异，而同一菌株的野生型菌落与变异菌落之间电泳谱带基本类似。 采用人工接种的方法，对13个常规品种或杂交组合(包括生产上常用品种)进行抗病性鉴定，鉴定结果表明：中抗材料(15＜DI≤30)3份，耐病材料(30＜DI≤50)6份，中感材料(50＜DI≤70)4份，未发现高抗材料(DI≤15)。 在上述工作基础上，还对茄黄萎病的防治方法进行了研究，比较了轮作换茬、药剂灌根、用野生茄嫁接及地膜覆盖土壤热处理几项措施对茄黄萎病的防治效果。结果表明后两项防治措施防效高且无公害，值得推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper researched on the biological character of the pathogen of eggplant verticillium wilt, disease resistance identification of eggplant varieties(lines), and control .The results showed:30 isolates of verticillium were collected or isolated from eggplant, pepper andcotton in Jiangsu Province. The original colony color of these isolates were black. However, the color and form of the colonies varied after be subcultured several times. For instance, some of the isolates losed the capbility of producing microsclerotium and their aerial mycelium changed dense or thin. These isolates were classified as three types by the variation capability and the stability of the variation: I Hard to vary, the isolates could keep the original character after be shifted 5times,4 isolates belonged to this type; II Easy to variance but the variant could return the original character,20 isolates belonged to this type;IIIEasy to variance and the variant were stable and couldn’t return the original character, 6 isolates belonged to this type. Five isolates which included the three above types and isolated from different hosts were choosed for the test of culture and pathogenicity.The results showed that there was no various or significant difference among these isolates for the requirement of temperature and pH, themorphological variance hadn’t significant relationship with pathogenicity. For example, the isolates with different color didn’t showed significant different pathogenicity. The isolates from cotton showed different pathogenicity with the isolates from pepper and eggplant The pathogenicity of five isolates was different on eggplant ,pepper and cotton. Soluble proteins of verticillium dahliae were tractionated by polyacrylamide gel plate electrophoresis. The results showed the protein patterns were obvious difference among isolates obtained from different hosts and with different pathogenicity .But the protein patterns of the original were basic resemblance with it’s variantThirteen eggplant varieties(lines) were tested for disease resistance. The resultshowed that none of them was immune,but the resistances varied among them :three varieties were medium resistant (15 < DI 30) , six varieties tolerant (30<DI 50) , four varieties medium susceptive (50 <DI 70) , highly resistantvarieties (DI 15) and highly susceptive varieties (DI 70) were not found yet.Based on the above work, we researched the effect of several techniques of controlling eggplant verticillium wilt,such as crop rotation,chemical control, graft and soil healing treatment with covering plastic film on surface of soil.The results showed that the two laters were effective, hazard-free and extendable.更多还原