【作者】 陈建林；

【导师】 曹碚生； 李良俊；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 荸荠[Eelocharis tuberosa (Roxb.) Roem. et Schult.]为莎草科(Cyperaceae)荸荠属多年生水生草本植物，是我国的重要水生蔬菜之一。荸荠的食用器官为地下球茎，球茎质脆多汁，用其加工制成的“清水马蹄”罐头，是我国重要的出口创汇产品之一。最近的研究表明，荸荠中的某些活性成分具有止渴、消食、解热、利尿、防癌等多种药用功效，其产品受到了越来越多人们的青睐。 近年来，我国荸荠的种植面积不断扩大，产品日益畅销于国内外市场，但仍然满足不了日益增长的国内外市场的需求。究其原因，关键性的技术难题在于以下两方面：①在生产中，荸荠主要以球茎繁殖，但其种球的繁殖系数较低，用种量大，种苗运输很困难，从而增大了生产的成本，也限制了其进一步扩大栽培的速度。②荸荠长期以来一直通过球茎进行无性繁殖，种性退化现象较为普遍，影响了荸荠产品的质量、产量以及出口的等级。因此，如何解决球茎的种性退化、改善荸荠品质、提高荸荠的繁殖系数，已成为当前荸荠生产上迫切需要解决的问题。通过荸荠茎尖组织培养的方法可以解决其种性退化问题，但仍普遍荸荠组培苗繁殖系数偏低，移栽成活率不高，同时荸荠组培苗生产成本也相当昂贵，这都成为荸荠组培苗进入生产实用化的瓶颈。 本论文针对荸荠组培苗生产中存在的问题，在前人工作的基础上，从荸荠茎尖快繁体系优化着手，对影响试管组培苗增殖的多个因素进行了多方面的比较试验，从中选出适合荸荠组培苗生长的最佳的配方组合和培养条件，并对荸荠组织培养的培养基配方及培养条件进行了改进，在尽量降低生产成本的前提下，进一步提高组培苗的繁殖系数，加快组培苗的生长，缩短了继代周期。同时我们对荸荠组培苗的驯化条件进行了初步研究，期望建立经济合理的驯化程序，提高荸荠组培苗的移栽成活率。 1．基本培养基、激素配比、外植体大小和培养容器的比较试验 在利用荸荠茎尖组培培养及荸荠组培苗增殖的过程中，对基本培养基种类、激素配比、外植体大小、不同培养容器等作了比较试验。研究结果表明：MS培养扬州大学硕士学位论文一2一基是最适宜孽葬茎尖的生长和增殖的。孽莽组培苗增殖的最佳培养基配方为MS+6一BA ZmglL+N AAI.om叭+蔗糖30叭。最佳外植体大小为1叶状茎+带1芽或2芽。经过比较，250ml中口三角瓶为孽莽组培苗增殖最佳培养容器。 2.不同光质对李莽组培苗增殖影响的研究 以1叶状茎带一芽为外植体，分别置于玫瑰红(600一690nln)、橙红色(590一650run)、黄色(530一600nm)、绿色(490一550nm)、蓝色(400一460nm)5种不同波长光质下培养(白光为对照)，研究不同波长光质对革莽组培苗增殖的影响。结果表明:玫瑰红光质对诱导孽葬组培苗形成有效分葵的增殖效果最佳且产生的分粟苗的质量也最好，经过50d培养分孽数可高达68.5，繁殖系数达68.5/3=22.8。 3.不同糖浓度和水杨酸对草葬组培苗生长及移栽成活率的影响 在革葬组培苗增殖过程中，研究了外源水杨酸(sA)以及不同浓度的糖源对其增殖效果的影响。研究结果表明:10%的蔗糖浓度是最有利于革养组培苗增殖，其增殖系数为9.4。而当培养基糖浓度为12%时，革莽组培苗生长质量最好，苗壮且移栽成活率大大提高。2一3m叭的SA与10%的蔗糖配合使用效果最好，此时革葬组培苗增殖效果显著，形成的丛芽壮，大小整齐一致，而且可以诱导产生大量的革莽原球茎。 4.李莽组培苗低成本快繁方式研究及成本核算 通过对影响组培苗生产成本的培养基状态和成分进行研究与探讨。结果表明:用市售普通食用白糖代替化学纯蔗糖作为培养基的碳源和以自来水代替蒸馏水作培养基的水质是可行的，既降低了配制培养基的成本，又不影响苗的增殖和质量;采用以上措施可将组培苗生产成本大大降低，经计算每IOL培养基可降低成本19.92元，仅以最后一次继代每株培养基用量为70ml计算:每株李莽组培苗可节省成本0.14元。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese water chestnut [Eelocharis tuberosa (Roxb.) Roem. et Schult.], which originally grows in china and India, belongs to the Cyperaceae family Eleocharis. It’s one of our country’s main important aquatic vegetables. Its edible organ is the corm, which is crisp and juicy. It can be made into ’Qingshui mati’ can, which is one of the important foreign exchange earning products in our country. Nearest research indicate some active composition of water chestnut have many kinds of medical efficiency, such as quench the thirst, digest food, solve hot, diuresis and giving protection against cancer etc. Its product has received more and more people’s favor.In recent years, the cultivated area of the water chestnut of our country is expanded constantly, the products sell well on the domestic and international market day by day But it still can not meet the demand of the domestic and international market which is increased day by day. Tracing it to its cause, the key technological difficult problem lies in the following two respects:(1)In producing, the water chestnut is bred with the corm mainly, but the reproduction coefficient of its corm is relatively low. So it demand a great amount of corm and it is very difficult for seedling to transport which can increase the produce cost. This limited its speed of expanding culture further.(2)For a long time, water chestnut carry on vegetative propagation through corm The nature of corm degradate more general, which have influenced the quality, output and grade exported of the water chestnut products.So how solve to plant degradate, improve water chestnut quality, raise reproduction coefficient of water chestnut, which have already become the problem of water chestnut produce that need solve urgently at present. The shoot-tip culture can solve this problem, but the proliferation rate of plantlets is very low and the transplant survival rate is not high. At the same time, it is quite expensive to produce the plantlets in vitro. All the limits become the bottleneck of its practical use.In order to resolve these problems, this study focuses on optimizing shoot-tip multiplication system on the foundation of forefathers work We carry on the comparative tests in many aspects, which can affect the proliferation of water chestnut We select out the best medium prescription and the best culture conditions which issuitable for water chestnut plantlets in vitro to grow. On the foundation of low cost, we improve the reproduction coefficient of the plantlets in vitro further, Accelerate the growth of the plantlets in vitro and short the culture cycle. At the same time, we carry on preliminary research to the taming condition of water chestnut plantlets in vitro. We expect to set up a economcal rational procedure of acclimazation, which can raise transplant-survival rate of water chestnut plantlets in vitro.1. Setting-up of the high-efficient proliferation system of the water chestnutIn the process of utilizing the shoot-tip culture and multiplication of water chestnut, we study the kind of the basic culture medium, hormone matching, the size of explant and the differentia of train container are also involved in it. The result of study shows: MS culture medium is suitable for growth and proliferation of water chestnut shoot-tip. The results demonstrated that MS medium containing 6- BA 2.0mg/L, NAA1.0mg/L and sucrose 30g/L in culture medium were better for plantlet growth. The best size of explant is the plant bringing 1 bud+1 leaf or 2 bud. Through comparing, 250ml triangular bottle is the best container for water chestnut plantlet to grow.2. Effects of different light quality on proliferation of water chestnut plantlets in vitro.We make 1 bud+1 leaf as the explants. They were cultured in rose, orange red, yellow, green, blue light and white light respective, by studying the effects of different light quality on proliferation of water chestnut plantlets in vitro. The result of study show that under rose light water chestnut plantlets have the best proliferatr更多还原