【作者】 孙熠；

【导师】 王文科； 杨胜科；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 环境工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 关中盆地地下水化学类型多样，成分复杂，某些地方水质恶劣，诱发了地方病，影响了人类生存空间。近年来，由于人类活动导致地下水化学环境变异，在一些地方产生了某些环境问题，开展关中盆地地下水水化学场的演化研究有助于深入了解地下水水化学场形成演化特征，从而为水资源合理开发利用和生态环境保护提供科学依据。 本文在野外调查与室内试验的基础上，重点研究了关中盆地浅层地下水水化学场时空演化及其相关环境问题。研究了浅层地下水在二十世纪80年代、90年代年及现状情况下的水化学类型、矿化度、硬度及离子含量等的分布特征，分析了影响地下水水化学场演化的主要因素。通过关中盆地浅层地下水水化学场的时空演化研究表明：区内浅层地下水天然水化学场空间分布主要受地质、地貌和水文地质条件的制约，且具有明显空间分布规律。从山前地带向盆地中心，由河流上游向下游，水化学作用由溶滤作用为主变为浓缩作用为主，矿化度随之升高，水化学类型从单一的重碳酸水变为硫酸型或氯化物型水，离子对当量比值变化明显。时域演化特征为水化学场的改变主要发生在人类活动比较剧烈的渭北地区，渭河以南变化不大。区内天然水化学场总体上向盐化和碱化方向发展，水化学类型趋于复杂化，水质朝变差的方向演化。在此基础上，对与地下水水化学场相关的环境问题做了初步探讨，包括天然条件下的高氟水分布与人类健康的问题，人类释放的环境物质如NO₃^-、COD、PO₄^3-的污染问题，从而为环境预测、评价和治理提供了有力的科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The groundwater in Guanzhong Basin has many chemical types and complicated composition. Its bad quality led to local diseases in some places constantly and influenced people’s living space. In recent years, variation of the groundwater chemical environment under human activities has resulted in some environmental problems in some places. The study on evolution of groundwater chemical field makes effect to know the formation and evolution character of groundwater chemical field, therefore provides scientific evidence for rational exploration and utilization of water resources and eco-environment protection.Based on field survey and indoor experiments, the paper mainly researches the evolution of groundwater chemical field in time and space in Guanzhong Basin and related environmental problems. The distribution characters of chemical type, degree of mineralization, hardness and ion content in shallow groundwater of 1980’s, 1990’s and present were summarized, and the main influencing factors were analyzed. Through the research, it demonstrates that spatial distribution of natural chemical field of shallow groundwater in the area is largely controlled by geology, terrain and hydro-geological conditions and has clear rule. From the zone in front of the mountain to the centre zone of the basin and from the upstream to the downstream, groundwater chemical function changes from dissolving and eluviating to concentrating, the degree of mineralization increases, groundwater chemical types vary from the single carbonic acid type to sulphuric acid type or chloride type, equivalent ratio of ion pair changes obviously. The character of evolution with time is that the change of groundwater chemical field mainly takes place in the north of Weihe River, in which human activities are strong, and little in the south of it. In the area, the chemical type is complicated, the natural groundwater chemical field evolves toward salinization and alkalination and groundwater quality tends to deterioration. Moreover, environmental problems, related to groundwater chemical field, including the problem between high fluorine distribution under natural condition and peoples health and the contamination problem of environmental materials released by people such as NO3-, COD, PO43-, are initially discussing. All these can provide scientific evidence for environment prediction, evaluation and administration.更多还原