和而不同，一体多元

【作者】 李丽红；

【导师】 常士訚；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2003， 硕士

【副题名】多元文化主义政治思潮述评

【摘要】 多元文化主义产生于20世纪70年代左右，是对主流政治哲学和社会科学进行批判的政治思潮。它从多民族国家内部的少数文族的角度出发，强调了社会的多元性特征，主张文化平等，反对文化同质化和文化霸权，呼吁主流社会尊重少数文族的文化差异和文化认同，要求赋予少数文族差异的公民权利及更多的参与社会政治、经济、文化生活的机会，以期实现文化之间的平等对话与协商合作。 多元文化主义的产生经历了漫长的历史过程，它是伴随着多民族的美国、加拿大等国解决民族问题的政策而产生与发展的。面对着少数文族在多元社会中的地位和处境，多元文化主义提出了他们的基本政治诉求：(1)要求主流社会承认少数文族独特的文化认同；(2)主张尊重少数文族的差异并反对同质化的文化霸权；(3)要求赋予少数文族差异的公民权利；(4)强调文化间的平等对话与协商合作。 多元文化主义的主张具有一定的理论和现实意义，对于解决多民族国家内部的民族问题具有重要的指导意义。同时，它对于解决国际范围内的国际争端以及国与国之间的关系问题也具有一定的借鉴意义。但是，我们也应该看到，多元文化主义政治思潮本身也具有一定的局限与不足，正在受到不同程度的批判和质疑。 通过对多元文化主义政治思潮的研究，我们认识到：多民族国家内部的民族问题是一个极其重要的问题，处理不当会引发一些严重的不良后果。我们应该重视这个问题，在维护国家的主权和领土完整的前提下，在政策上也应该给予少数民族一定的优惠，充分调动各民族参与社会的积极性，最终形成一体多元，和而不同的文化多元化的社会。更多还原

【Abstract】 Multiculturalism, as a critique of mainstream political philosophy and social science, emerged around the 1970s. Its proponents are ethnocultural minorities in multicultural states. Although they are too disparate to share a common philosophical and political agenda, they are all united in resisting the mainstream society’s assimilation. They argue that contemporary societies are characterized by cultural pluralism and demand mainstream society to recognize their cultural identity and accommodate their cultural differences. They demand different citizenship, their aim is not to separate from mainstream society but rather to participate in the mainstream society and look forward to realizing equality, dialogue and cooperation among all different cultures.Multiculturalists claim that public policy affects members of different cultural groups differently, and hence that political philosophy needs to rethink its assumption of unitary citizenship. Its central insights are four: (1) Wants mainstream society to recognize their cultural identity and difference. (2) Criticizes and resistant to the monocultural assimilation and cultural imperialism. (3) Demands mainstream society to endow them different citizenship. (4) Stresses equality, dialogue and cooperation among all different cultures.Multiculturalism has theoretic and practical significance. As a measure, it plays an important role in dealing with the issues among nations within a multicultural state and promoting international relationships in the world. But, it faces up severely criticism since 1990s.The study of multiculturalism tells us that national issues are an important problem, which resolves improperly will result in disastrous consequences. So we should take this problem seriously. We should try our best to mobilize ethhoncultural minority and form a harmony and united society with plurality.更多还原