【作者】 李晓军；

【导师】 郝赤；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 铜绿微囊藻是一种广泛存在于静水水体中的有毒蓝藻。当水体受到N、P等化学残留物质污染之后，它和其它水生蓝藻大量繁殖形成“水华”现象。铜绿微囊藻的细胞被破坏后，会释放出一种被称为“微囊体藻毒素（microcystin）”的生物活性物质，对几乎所有动物都能产生毒害作用，对昆虫也有一定的毒杀作用，因而微囊体藻毒素具备了应用于农业害虫防治的潜力。本研究旨在了解铜绿微囊藻毒素粗提物对棉铃虫等农业害虫的生物作用规律，为今后应用于农业害虫防治奠定基础。 实验室大量培养繁殖铜绿微囊藻细胞的研究表明：光照周期和温度对藻细胞大量繁殖与生长有着密切的关系。光照周期为24小时的长光照条件有利于藻细胞的大量培养。25-30℃之间的温度条件最适宜于藻细胞的繁殖和生长。同时，利用超声波振荡击碎藻细胞，并用纯甲醇进行微囊藻藻毒素粗提物的提取的研究工作。 选用棉铃虫作为研究对象，较为全面地反映了铜绿微囊藻藻毒素对昆虫各个虫态生长发育所产生的影响及毒杀作用。研究显示微囊体藻藻毒素（microcystin）的粗提物对2龄以下的棉铃虫幼虫具有较强的杀虫活性。对1、2龄幼虫的LC₅。分别为16.83±5.18μg／ml、25.2±5.12μg／ml，对于3龄以上的棉铃虫幼虫则表现出拒食、影响生长发育、延长化蛹时间、缩短蛹历期、导致畸形蛹、引起蛹死亡及降低羽化率、产卵率和卵孵化率等生物学作用。 研究证明铜绿微囊藻不仅是一种对生态环境有毒害藻类，同时也是一种很有潜力的生物杀虫物质，可被人类利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microcystis aeruginosa is a kind of toxic cyanobacteria that wide-ranging living in stagnant water. After water is contaminated by some chemical residuals （N, P, et al.）, Tong with other kinds of cyanobacteria greatly reproduce that will cause a water bloom phenomenon. If the cell lysis, it will release a sort of biologcal toxic substance called microcystin that will cause toxicities extensively in animal body from mammal to achordate. Moreover it has some toxic effect, so it possess potential of pesticides.In the of artifical cultivate in room, observedand that and temprature has relate to the gowth and reproduce of microcystin. The 24h:0’s photoperiod and the 25-30℃’s tempratuer could cause the cell reproduce 1 in large quantity in laboratory and the researching work of microcystin’s crude extricated substance extricating.In the experiments, we selected cotton bollworm （.Helicoverpa armigera） as object of the studies. It has reflected that the microcystin has a stronger pestcide activity to the second age larvae of Helicoverpa armigera and to the first hatching (LC₅₀ separately was 16.83± 5.18μg/ml and 25.2±5.12μg/ml) . But it indicates biological effect to the old larvers were refusing eating, extending the time of larver and pupating, shorteningthe time of pupa, affecting emergence, and causeing doomed of pupa and so on..It is proven that Microcystis aeruginosa is not only a toxin alga for ecological environment, and also a potential biological pesticide in this experiment. We can utilize the function of pest killing of Microcystis aeruginosa as a new type of biological pesticide or a kind of raw material of genetic engineering to apply for agricultural pest’s comprehensive administration.更多还原