【作者】 潘晋；

【导师】 吴卫国；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 船桥碰撞事故所造成的后果往往是灾难性的。为了减少人员财产损失，近年来已经有不少专家学者致力于船桥碰撞机理以及有效桥墩防护装置的研究，并取得了阶段性成果。 船舶与桥墩防护装置的碰撞是两者在很短的时间内在巨大冲击载荷作用下的一种复杂的非线性动态响应过程，碰撞区域构件一般都将迅速超越弹性阶段而进入塑性流动阶段，并可能出现屈曲、撕裂等各种形式的破坏或失效，且碰撞过程中的不确定性因素颇多，几乎不可能通过建立一个精确的数学模型而使两者的碰撞问题得到完全的解析。因此，随着非线性有限元技术的日益完善和计算机硬件水平的不断提高，可以实现虚拟碰撞试验的数值仿真方法必将在船桥碰撞以及船与桥墩防护装置碰撞问题中发挥越来越重要的作用。 本文通过对显式非线性有限元求解技术的消化吸收，在探讨船—桥及其防护装置碰撞机理的基础上，结合实例对船舶与防护装置的碰撞过程进行了全程有限元仿真模拟，并初步研究了碰撞问题中的不确定性因素对防护装置抗撞性能的影响。全文的主要研究工作如下： 1． 对船桥碰撞外部动力学的数值求解方法进行了消化和吸收，通过对现有方法中存在问题的讨论，提出了具体的改进意见。 2． 研究和讨论了船—防护装置碰撞数值仿真中所涉及的基本理论和关键技术，分别对显式时间积分、薄壳单元算法、材料动力特性以及接触—摩擦等问题进行了专题研究。 3． 给出了防护装置的设计要求和分类，结合实例详细介绍了八种防护装置的工作原理、适用范围及各自的优缺点，并指出防护装置的发展方向。 4． 利用有限元数值仿真技术对船—防护装置的碰撞特性进行了研究，并在此基础上初步考察了碰撞过程中不确定性因素的更改对碰撞结果的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ship-bridge collisions are often catastrophic events. In order to reduce the loss of lives and property, many experts bend themselves to the study of the mechanism in ship-bridge collision and the effective equipment for anti-collision, and recently, some of their academic achievements are put into use.The collision between ship and anti-collision equipment is a complicated non-linear dynamic response process under extreme large load in a very short time. The structures in collision region often surpass elastic state quickly and turn into plastic state companying with large deformation, flexure and fracture. Because of the complicacy and the uncertain factors in collision process, it is nearly impossible to make theoretic analysis by building up an accurate mathematic model. Therefore, numerical simulation by finite element analyses will play a more and more important role in the analysis of collision problems between ship and bridge or equipment for anti-collision.Based on the solving technique of explicit non-linear finite element method and the mechanism in ship-bridge(or anti-collision equipment), this thesis develop numerical simulation to the collision process of ship and anti-collision equipment, the major work in this thesis are listed as follows:1. Discussing the numerical solving approaches of external dynamics of ship-bridge collisions and giving some suggestions to current methods.2. The fundamental theory for numerical simulation of ship/anti-collision equipment are studied and discussed. The subsequent research on important problems such as explicit time integration, thin shell formulations, material dynamic properties, contact-friction models and so on are carried out.3. Introducing the working principle, application range, shortcomings and merits of each kinds of anti-collision equipments, and pointing out their developing directions.4. On the basis of numerical simulation to the collision process of ship and anti-collision equipment, studying the influence of uncertain factors in the collision problems.更多还原