【作者】 李霞；

【导师】 郑有良； 刘登才；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 以具有phAKL基因的四川小麦地方品种“开县罗汉麦”（简称KL）作母本与具有phlb基因的小麦“中国春”（简称CSphlb）杂交，获得杂种（KL×CSphlb）。用此杂种作母本与Aegilops variabilis杂交，在其F₂自交后代中获得了纯合的、染色体数且与普通小麦相同（2n=42）的具有外源遗传物质的稳定材料TKL1。本文对TKL1进行了初步鉴定分析与评价。主要结果如下： 1．TKL1在遗传上稳定，与正常小麦类似。（1）5年大田试验观察发现，TKL1农艺性状不分离，株型似小麦，但颖壳紧包种子而不易脱粒则似Ae.variabilis。（2）根尖细胞染色体计数和花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对观察结果表明，TKL1染色体数目稳定，2n=42，2对随体；染色体配对的平均构型为2n=42=0.17Ⅰ（0-4）+1.37Ⅱ（0-3）+19.54Ⅱ（16-21）。（3）谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白检测发现，TKL1不同植株带型一致。 2．TKL1颖壳紧包种子的特性，成株期抗白粉病，Glu-1位点上有三亲本都不具有的新带型等都表明可能其导入了Ae.variabilis外源遗传物质。 3．中国春双端体测交分析结果表明，TKL1的染色体臂2DL和3DS因发生易位而丢失。 4．Giemsa-C带鉴定表明，Ae.variabilis 2S¹S易位到TKL1的2DS上，形成易位染色体2S¹S/2DS，另一涉及小麦3D染色体的易位有待进一步鉴定。 5．“TKL1×Ae.variabilis”与“KL×Ae.variabilis”相比，杂种F₁花粉母细胞交叉数明显提高，表明TKL1与外源物种Ae.variabilis的部分同源染色体配对水平显著增加，这可能是小麦品种KL的部分同源染色体配对基因phKL被转入TKL1遗传背景中，同时3DS染色体臂上的抑制部分同源染色体的Ph2基因由于易位而丢失，即phKL+Ph2^-共同作用导致。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sichuan common wheat landrace Kaixianluohanmai (abbrev. KL) has the gene phKL with a promoting effect on homoeologous pairing between wheat and alien chromosomes. The hybrid of KL with phlb mutant of wheat Chinese Spring (abbrev. CSphlb), KL*CSp/i/6, was obtained by using KL as the female parent. From the F2 progenies of (KL*CSphlb) x Ae. variabilis, a new wheat line TKL1, carrying genetic materials from Ae. variabilis and having chromosome number with 2n=42, was detected.The objective of this study is to analysize its genetic stability, to identify the alien genetic materials of TKL1 and to evaluate its utilization in genetics and breeding. The results as follows:During several years, TKL1 showed a consistent agronomic perforamance similar to regular wheat, while the tough glume of TKL1 was similar to Ae. variabilis. TKL1 had a stable chromosome number with 2n=42. During middle I of meiosis of pollen-mother-cell, these chromosomes showed normal pairing as common wheat. These results indicated that TKL1 was a stable wheat line in genetics. It was also proved by the same glutenin and gliadin patterns among different TKL1 plants.Tough glume, adult resistance to powdery mildew and new Glu-1 band indicated that some genetic materials of Ae. variabilis had been transferred into TKL1. The cytological data showed that TKL1 was a translocation involved in the missing of wheat chromosome arms 2DL and 3DS. C-banding indicated that TKL1 has translocation chromosome 2S1S/2DS. The chromosome arm 2S’S was derived from Aegilops variabilis. However, C-banding could not detect the translocation related to 3DS.In comparison with KL*Ae. variabilis, TKL1*A variabilis had significant higher level of chromosome pairing. This probably inferred that phKL gene of KL was also transferred into TKL1. The higher chromosome pairing level was caused by the action ofboth phKL and absent of 3DS with the suppressing gene Phi for homoeologous chromosome pairing. TKL1 could be used as a material or ’bridge tool’ in wheat chromosome engineer.更多还原