【作者】 刘杏认；

【导师】 刘建玲；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以盆栽试验和田间试验相结合，研究了化肥及有机肥对叶菜生物量和硝酸盐含量的影响。其结果如下： 土壤养分限制因子的结果表明，-N和-P处理生物量最低，分别为全肥处理的40.4％和58.6％。其次是-Mo处理，生物量为全肥处理的84.6％。其它处理与全肥处理比较生物量无显著变化。氮肥是影响叶菜硝酸盐含量的主要因素，-N，1/2N处理硝酸盐含量分别比全肥处理降低了94.4％，54.9％，其它处理的硝酸盐含量与全肥处理之间差异不显著。 氮肥和磷肥不同用量对油菜生物量和硝酸盐含量的影响的结果表明，随着氮肥用量的增加，油菜生物量按渐减律增加，当N用量为196.6kg/hm²时，达到最高生物量，硝酸盐含量随氮肥用量增加而不断升高，两者呈显著正相关。随着磷肥用量的增加，生物量按渐减律增加，当P₂O₅用量为160.6kg/hm²时，达到最高生物量，硝酸盐含量无显著变化。 不同腐熟度的有机肥对油菜生物量及硝酸盐含量的影响为：不施氮肥或施用低量氮肥（150kg／hm²）时，增施腐熟有机肥不同程度地增加了油菜的生物量，油菜硝酸盐含量无显著变化；增施半腐熟、不腐熟有机肥时，不同程度的降低油菜生物量和油菜硝酸盐含量。当N用量为300 kg/hm²时，增施腐熟有机肥，油菜生物量和硝酸盐含量无显著变化；增施半腐熟、不腐熟有机肥时，显著增加油菜的生物量并且降低油菜的硝酸盐含量。施用高氮肥（N用量为600kg/hm²,900kg/hm²）时，增施腐熟、半腐熟、不腐熟有机肥显著增加油菜生物量，硝酸盐含量无显著变化。 在施用腐熟有机肥的基础上，当N用量为300 kg/hm²时，达到最高生物量；与单施氮肥比较，硝酸盐含量无显著变化。在施用半腐熟有机肥和不腐熟有机肥的基础上，当氮用量为600 kg/hm²时，达到最高生物量；与单施氮肥比较，硝酸盐含量无显著变化。 三种不同腐熟度的有机肥在低氮量时对土壤EC和土壤硝酸盐含量的影响不显著，在高氮量时，腐熟有机肥能够增加土壤EC和土壤硝酸盐的含量，半腐熟和不腐熟有机肥能够降低土壤EC和土壤硝酸盐的含量。 有机肥对白菜产量利硝酸盐含量的影响结果表明，在低、中、高量有机肥的基础上，施用氮肥，各个氮肥处理之间产量差异不显著。随氮肥用量的增加，白菜的硝酸盐含量显著增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of mineral nutrition and organic manure on the biomass and nitrate content in the leafy vegetables were studied in this paper with the combination of pot experiment and field experiment. The results were as follows.The experiment of the soil nutrition limiting factors showed that the biomass of rape in the treatments of-N (PKMoZnB) and -P (NKMoZnB) accounted for 36.6% and 52.6% of the treatment of NPKMoZnB respectively. The treatment of -Mo (NPKZnB) accounted for 84.6% of the treatment of NPKMoZnB. The biomass of rape was no significant difference in the treatments of -K, -Zn, -B, 1/2N, 1/2P, 1/2K compared with the treatment of NPKMoZnB. The nitrogen fertilizer was the most important factor influencing the nitrate content in the leafy vegetables. The nitrate content in the treatment of-N, 1/2N decreased by 94.4%,54.9% compared with that in the treatment of +N. The nitrate content of the rape was no significant difference in the treatments of-K, -Zn, -B, 1/2N, 1/2P, 1/2K compared with the treatment of NPKMoZnB.The applying amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer influenced the biomass and the nitrate content of rape.The results showed that the biomass of rapes increased in +N treatments compared with -N treatment. When nitrogen fertilizer (N) was applied at 196.6kg/hm2, the biomass of rape was the highest in all the N treatments. With the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrate content increased, and there was a striking correlation between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the nitrate content. The biomass of rape increased by using phosphate fertilizer. When phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) was applied at 160.6kg/hm2, the biomass of rape was the highest in the P treatments. There was no obvious change in the nitrate content in different P treatment.The biomass and the nitrate of rape were affected by the doses of N fertilizer and the different manure. The results showed that the biomass of rape increased with applying the decomposed manure accompanying with the low doses of nitrogen fertilizer. The nitrate content did not change considerably. The biomass of rape decreased by applying thesemi-decomposed manure and the none-decomposed manure accompanying with low doses of nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrate content decreased. When the doses of nitrogen fertilizer was 300kg/hm2, there was no obvious difference in the biomass and the nitrate content by applying the decomposed manure, but the biomass of rape increased and the nitrate content decreased applying the semi-decomposed manure and the none-decomposed manure. Under the higher doses of the nitrogen fertilizer(600kg/hm2,900kg/hm2), the biomass of rape increased and the nitrate content did not change strikingly by applying the decomposed manure, semi-decomposed manure and none-decomposed manure.There was no significant effect on soil EC and NO3- by applying the different manure accompanying with low doses of nitrogen fertilizer. Soil EC and NO3- increased by applying the decomposed manure accompanying with high doses of nitrogen fertilizer. But Soil EC and NO3- decreased by applying the semi-decomposed manure and none-decomposed manure accompanying with high doses of nitrogen fertilizer.When the doses of nitrogen fertilizer was 300kg/hm2 and the decomposed manure was used, the biomass of rape was highest compared with the treatment of using N (300kg/hm2); the nitrate content did not change considerably. When the doses of nitrogen fertilizer was 600kg/hm2 and semi-decomposed manure or the none-decomposed manure was used, the biomass of rape was highest compared with the treatment of using N(600kg/hm2); the nitrate content did not change strikingly.The yield and nitrate content of Chinese cabbage were influenced by using nitrogen fertilizer accompanying with the decomposed manure. The results showed that the yield and nitrate of Chinese cabbage increased by using N fertilizer. It was no difference with using N fertilizer and decomposed manure comparing with using N fertilizer.更多还原