【作者】 李洪涛；

【导师】 曹克强； 朱之堉；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 番茄灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea Pers)是保护地番茄的重要病害，对保护地番茄生产构成极大威胁，目前生产上主要采用化学药剂防治。本研究利用病害流行学和农业气象学手段，对不同保护地设施(日光温室和大棚)以及不同灌溉方式条件下(大水漫灌和膜下滴灌)番茄灰霉病的发生和流行情况进行监测，同时记载保护地内外逐小时温、湿度变化和逐日的天气状况。将所得的数据借助计算机进行统计分析，旨在明确保护地番茄灰霉病季节流行动态和造成病原菌大量侵染的关键因素和最适环境条件临界值，为建立病害防治决策支持系统和病害防治提供理论基础。 通过2001年和2002年试验，对保护地内病害逐日调查、孢子逐小时捕捉和气象数据的收集整理并分析可以得出： 1、影响保护地空气中孢子飞散的主要气象因素为连续阴雨日。保护地内空气温、湿度影响孢子的飞散量，一天中各小时的孢子飞散量与空气温度呈显著正相关(R=0.9295，P＜0.01)，与空气相对湿度呈显著负相关(R=-0.8091，P＜0.01)。 2、病原真菌分生孢子是病害发生的先决条什，病菌严重侵染日是孢子飞散高峰日，但孢子飞散高峰日不一定是病菌严重侵染日，这与环境条件有关。 3、病害发生与天气状况密切相关，当有两个以上连续阴雨日，有利于孢子大量产生、发生严重侵染，晴朗的天气对灰霉病的严重侵染起抑制作用。 4、保护地内空气温、湿度直接影响病害的发生，在病原菌严重侵染时期，保护地内空气相对湿度在80％以上持续时间不得少于24h，空气温度在以相对湿度为准的前提下，变化范围在6.0℃～13.0℃之间。 5、由保护地内、外环境的相关性分析可以得出不同保护地设施内、外空气温湿度的相关回归方程。日光温室内、外空气温度的相关同归方程为：Y=1.60+1.08X，其中Y为日光温室内空气温度(℃)，X为该小时日光温室外空气温度。日光温室内、外空气相对湿度的回归方程为：Y=2.96+1.07X(Y≤100)，其中Y 河北农业大学硕士学位（毕业）论文为日光温室内空气相对湿度（知，二为该小时日光温室外空气相对湿度（知。大棚内、外空气温度相关方程为：Y。1．76＋1．13X，其中可为大棚内空气温度（C），X为该小时大棚外空气温度。大棚内、外空气相对湿度的回归方程为：Y二22．10＋0．86X（y＜100），其中Y为大棚内空气相对湿度（％），X为该小时大棚外空气相对湿度（知。 在计算机上建立了预测模型并组建了保护地番茄灰霉病防治决策支持系统。将大气预报信息或采集的温湿度数据输入系统，即可预知保护地内病菌严重侵染的最适环境条件临界值发生与否。通过人为调控措施可以避开最适环境条件临界值，使病害不能发生，或及时用化学药剂加以保护。运行本系统能够达到减少化学药剂使用次数的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tomato grey mold which is an important plant disease in greenhouse can severely decrease yield of tomato in greenhouse and be mainly controlled by fungicides today. This study focused on investigating temporal dynamic of the disease in growing season in different type of greenhouse through epidemic means. During the test, the temperature and humidity of air in and out of greenhouse were collected, and the condition of weather was recorded day by day, and airborne spores of Botrytis cinerea were trapped hourly. The main aim is to find the key factors which made spore infect severely and the suitable environmental condition. All the data obtained in 2001 and 2002 were input into a microcomputer for analysis and statistics. The results were as follows:1. The main weather factor to effect airborne spore flying is continue cloudy day or rainy day. The relationship between the quantity of airborne spores of Botrytis cinerea and meteorological factors is highly correlated. The quantity of airborne spores of Botrytis cinerea at each hour in a day has a significant negative correlation with relative humidity (R= -0.8091, P<0.01) and positive correlation with relative temperature (R=0.9295, P<0.01) respectively.2. The conidiospore is a precondition caused disease eruption. The day in which conidiospore infected severely is the day in which the quantity of airborne spores is the most, but the day in which the quantity of airborne spores is the most is not properly the day in which conidiospore infected severely because of different circumstance.3. It was beneficial for spores to bourgeon and infect when there were more than two days’ rainy or more than two days’ cloudy in greenhouse.4. The suitable condition for severe infection of the disease was relative humidityabove 80% for more than 24 hours, at the same time, the temperature ranged from 7 to 13 .5. The air temperature and relatively humidity in different type of greenhouse can be estimated by different equations. The greenhouse has two styles. In the sunlight greenhouse, the air temperature ( ) (Y) in greenhouse in each hour of a day can be estimated by the equation: Y=1.60+1.08X (R=0.9914, P<0.01), where X is temperature( ) out of the greenhouse. The air relatively humidity(%) (Y) in greenhouse in each hour of a day can be estimated by the equation: Y=2.96+1.07X (R=0.9649, P<0.01), where X is air relatively humidity(%).In the second type of greenhouse, the air temperature ( ) (Y) in greenhouse in each hour of a day can be estimated by the equation: Y=1.76+1.13X (R=0.9856, P<0.01), where X is temperature( ) out of the greenhouse. The air relatively humidity (%) (Y) in greenhouse in each hour of a day can be estimated by the equation: Y=22.10+0.86X (R=0.9378, P<0.01), where X is air relatively humidity (%).According to above conclusion, decision support system which could be used to control tomato grey mold in greenhouse was set up in the computer. After inputing the information of weather forecast weather or the data of temperature and relatively humidity collected in the past days, the system can tell the user whether the circumstance has met the most suitable environmental condition in which conidiospore can bourgeon and infect severely and how to deal with the greenhouse. Comparing to normal disease control in a routine way, it could save much chemical use.更多还原