【作者】 张永红；

【导师】 黄希庭；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 公众时间的回溯式记忆是指被试在经历公众事件时不知道以后将要进行与该公众事件有关的任务情况下的时间回忆。研究公众事件的回溯式记忆有重要的价值。首先，人们在实际生活中经历的都是回溯式的时间记忆，这种记忆对人们的行为和社会交往有重大的影响。另外，公众新闻事件组成了我们日常生活的一个必不可少的部分，影响公众生活的质量。本研究选取1995到2001年之间发生可辨别的新闻事件14项，要求被试对新闻事件的时序、时点和时距进行回忆。结果表明： 1．公众事件回溯式时点记忆的正确率随时间的远近发生变化，较远的时间回忆正确率低，而较近的时间回忆正确较高，存在近因效应，且在年、月回忆正确率存在显著差异，事件发生的年的正确率要显著优于月的正确率。 2．关注度与回忆年、月、时点、时距正确率都没有显著相关，但与高估和低估百分率存在显著相关，被试关注的事件容易低估，被试不关注的事件容易高估。 3．公众事件的回溯式时距估计受真实时距的影响，短时距容易被高估，长时距容易被低估，但对“领导人出访”三个短时距事件均出现低估。 4．公众事件的回溯式时序回忆存在近因效应和首因效应，被试对发生较远的事件总是倾向于估计得更远，对发生较近的事件也倾向于估计得较近，而对两者中间的事件的顺序估计较为混乱。 5．在再认条件下，回忆公众事件的时点、时序和时距的正确率均优于自由回忆条件下。 6．本实验研究的公众事件回溯式时间记忆符合时间的重构理论和分段综合模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the retrospective paradigm, participants don’t know in advance that they will later be asked to carry out tasks about public time, Studying the retrospective temporal memory has important value. At first, because people often experience the retrospective temporal memory, and this kind of memory greatly affect people’s behavior and social intercourse. In addition, public news events is an absolutely necessary part of our daily life, and affect the quality of public life. This research elected 14 recognizable news events from 1995 to 2002,and asked subjects to recall temporal locus, temporal duration and temporal order of events. The results showed that:1 .The recalling accuracy of the retrospective temporal locus of public events will change with the farness and nearness of time. The recalling accuracy of the far time is low, however that of the near time is high, there is signal effect, and there is remarkable difference in the accuracy of year and month, the year accuracy is better than the month accuracy.2. There are not remarkable difference between attention degree and recalling year, month, temporal locus, temporal duration accuracy, but there are remarkable difference between attention degree and overestimation and underestimation percent rate.3. Retrospective temporal duration of public events is influenced by true duration, Subjects usually overestimate short temporal duration, andunderestimate long temporal duration, but they all underestimated three short temporal duration events as "leader visitation".4. There are signal effect and primacy effect in the retrospective temporal order recalling, Subjects tend to estimate that time is far if event is far,that time is near if event is near, however events order they estimate between them is confusing.5. Under recognition condition, the recalling accuracy of temporal locus, temporal duration and temporal order is better than that under free recalling condition.6.Retrospective time memory of public events what this experiment research accord with reconstructive theory and range-synthesis model of time.更多还原