【作者】 陈清华；

【导师】 贺建华；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 选择体重相近(30.15±2.81kg)、健康的杂交去势公猪(杜×长×大)8头，在回肠末端安装T—型瘘管，分成两组，采用两个4×4拉丁方设计。选用玉米淀粉—豆粕和玉米淀粉—次粉两种饲粮各组成四个磷水平(0.15％，0.20％，0.30％，0.35％)的试验日粮，每轮试验期8天，其中4天适应期，4天收集粪和食糜期。试验结果表明：日粮磷水平对豆粕、次粉日粮粪磷和食糜磷表观消化率有显著影响(p＜0.05)。当豆粕日粮磷水平是1.96，2.43，3.58，4.15g／kgDM时，回肠及粪磷的表观消化率差异显著(P＜0.05)，分别为-3.29％，19.32％，26.68％，26.37％和20.86％，22.06％，29.33％，38.11％；当次粉日粮磷水平是1.81，2.56，3.57，4.26g／kgDM时，其回肠及粪磷表观消化率差异显著(P＜0.05)，分别为9.18％，24.11％，36.77％，37.85％和32.00％，35.95％，41.94％，50.89％。当食糜和粪中磷均以g／kg采食日粮干物质(DMI)表示时，回肠及粪表观可消化磷(g／kgDMI)与采食日粮磷水平(g／kgDMI)之间存在显著的线性关系(P＜0.05)，利用回归分析技术可以估测出日粮磷真消化率和生长猪内源磷排泄量。测得豆粕回肠和粪磷真消化率分别为50.15％±5.85％和51.87％±3.43％，差异不显著(P＞0.05)；测得次粉回肠和粪磷真消化率分别为59.23％±0.18％和63.70％±3.74％，差异不显著(P＞0.05)。结果显示两种日粮磷真消化率比其表观消化率高25％以上。生长猪内源磷的排泄量与采食日粮干物质的量(DMI)有关，利用回归分析技术测得回肠内源磷为0.90～0.91g／kgDMI，粪内源磷为0.65～0.68g／kgDMI。其中粪内源磷占NRC(1998)推荐生长猪(20～45kg)总磷需要量的11.30～11.78％，占NRC(1998)推荐生长猪(20～45kg)的可利用磷的24.57～25.61％，内源磷是影响猪磷营养需要的一个重要因素。 在上述研究的基础上，选择体重相近(38.14±2.75kg)，健康的杂交去势公猪(杜×长×大)8头，在回肠末端安装T—型瘘管，分成两组，采用两个4×4拉丁方设计。以豆粕-玉米淀粉为基础日粮，运用替代基础饲粮的方法测定了生长猪对玉米、大麦、小麦、麦麸、稻谷、统糠、菜粕、棉粕饲料中的磷的消化吸收情况，并分析了饲料的总磷、植酸磷含量及饲料的天然植酸酶活性的高低与饲料真可消化磷之间的关系。试验结果表明：测定饲料磷的表观消化率和真消化率时，不同测定时期以及不同试猪对同一饲料测定结果的影响都不显著（P＞0刀5人但不同饲料磷的消化率之间存在差异。测得8种植物性饲料回肠和粪磷的真消化率（平均数土标准误）分别为：棉粕：3〕21％士2．00％，3o．22％士4．61％；菜粕：37．22％土1．78％，39．30％土2．50％；稻谷：48．37％士4．49％，43．65％士3．88％；统糠：23．69％土1．68％，23．42％士3．44％；玉米：47．45％土2．19％，49．15％土4．16％；小麦：47．65％土2．34％，49．74％上4．92％；大麦：58．30％土5．17％，56．68％士3．56％；麦茨：56．45％is．53队 56．82％士。59儿测定 8种饲料回肠和粪真可消化磷量分别为（g／kgDM人棉粕：3．87，3＊7；菜粕：4．17，4．40；稻谷：1．50，l．35；统糠：1．26，1．26；玉米：1．57，1．62；小麦：3．34，3．48；大麦：2．80，2．72；麦茨：7刀0， 7刀5。同种饲料回肠和粪真可消化磷含量差异不显著（P＞0．05）。试验结果的分析表明：饲料的总磷含量（X，今一pML 植酸磷含量（Yg／kgD M人 天然植酸酶的活性化，FTU卿M）对饲料真可消化磷含量（TDR卿M）的影响极显著p叼．of人并有极显著的回归关系：TDP－1．Z15lXI．2513y＋0．003832－0．3651 f－0．9412，P叼．01肝其中总磷是影响真可消化磷含量的最重要的因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two trials were conducted to investigate the true phosphorus (P) digestibility and the endogenous P output of growing pigs using the regression analysis technique. In trial one ,eight crossbred barrows (D L Y), average initial body weight of 30.15kg, were fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum by surgeon and fed experimental diets according to two 4X4 Latin square designs. Four cornstarch- based diets, containing four levels of P at 1.96, 2.43, 3.58, 4.15g/kg dry matter (DM), were formulated with soybean meal (SBM). The other four cornstarch-based diets, containing four levels of P atl.81, 2.56, 3.57, 4.26g/kg dry matter (DM), were formulated with wheat-middlings. Each experimental period was comprised of 8 d with 4-d adaptation and 4-d collection of ileal digestaand fecal samples. The results indicated that the apparent ileal and fecal P digestibility values in feeds were affected (P < 0.05) by dietary P contents. The apparent ileal and fecal P digestibility values in SBM increased from -3.29 to 26.37%and from 20.86 to 38.11%, respectively, as P content increased from 1.96 to 4.15 g/kg DM. And the apparent ileal and fecal P digestibility values in wheat-middlings increased from 9.18 to 37.85% and from 32.00 to 50.89%, respectively, as dietary P content increased from 1.81 to 4.26 g/kg DM. Linear relationships (P < 0.05), expressed as g/kg DMI, between the apparent ileal and fecal digestible P and the total intake of dietary P, suggested that true P digestibility and the endogenous P outputs associated with SBM and wheat-middlings can be determined by the regression analysis technique. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the true ileal and fecal P digestibility values in both SBM and wheat-middlings(50.15%±5.85% vs.5I.87%±3.43%, and59.23%±0.18%vs.63.70%± 3.74%) . Apparent digestibility values under-estimate the true digestibility values of P by ~ 25%. True rather than apparent P digestibility values should be determined and used in diet formulation for pigs. The endogenous P output was higher (P < 0.05) in ileal digesta than in feces (0.91 ±0.01 vs. 0.67±0.02 g/kg DM diet intake). The endogenous fecal P output represented 11.30-11.78% and 24.57~25.61% of the daily total and available P requirements ingrowing pigs (20~45kg) recommended by the National Research Council in 1998. In addition, this study shows that the gastrointestinal endogenous P output is important in total P requirement and homeostasis.Based on the above results, the second trial, using two 4 4 Latin square designs and applying the method of substituting a corn-starch and soybean meal diet, was designed to determine the P digestibility of Corn, Barley, Wheat, Wheat-bran, Paddy ,Rice hull, Pvapeseed meal, Cottonseed meal for growing- pigs and to analyze the correlations among the total phosphorus (TP), Phytate- phosphorus (PP) contents ,the phytase(E.C.3.1.3.26) activity and the contents of true digestible phosphorus in the feeds. The results of the true P digestibility in ileal and feces were as follows: Cottonseed meal: 30.21%±2.00%, 30.22%±4.61%; Rapeseed meal: 37.22%±1.78%, 39.30%±2.50%: Paddy: 48.37%±4.49%, 43.65%±3.88%; Rice hull: 23.69%± 1.68%, 23.42%±3.44%; Corn: 47.45%±2.19%, 49.15%±4.16%; Wheat: 47.65% ±2.34%, 49.74%±4.92%; Barley: 58.30%±5.17%, 56.68%±3.56%; Wheat-bran: 56.45%± 5.53%, 56.82%±1.59%.The results of the true digestible phosphorus in ileal and feces were as follows( g/kgDM): Cottonseed meal: 3.87, 3.87; Rapeseed meal: 4.17, 4.40; Paddy: 1.50, 1.35; Rice hull: 1.26, 1.26; Corn: 1.57, 1.62; Wheat: 3.34, 3.48; Barley: 2.80, 2.72; Wheat-bran: 7.00, 7.05.The results show that the total phosphorus content(X,g/kgDM), Phytate- phosphorus content(Y,g/kgDM),and the phytase activity (Z, FTU/kgDM) have a significant effect on the true digestible phosphorus content (Y,g/kgDM).The true digestible P estimation equation based on total P content,phytate P content and phytase activity in plant feeds is as follow:TDP=1.2151X-1.2513 Y+ 0.00383Z -0.3651更多还原