【作者】 黄树光；

【导师】 叶泽雄；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 人的生存和发展问题就是价值问题。价值问题的实质是人的生存与发展问题。价值是指经过人的实践改造的对象物能满足人的生存与发展的需要的效用，这样的价值物就成了人的生存与发展所追求的价值目标。价值是人自己创造的。价值活动是人的生命存在方式，人们在认识人自身需要所指向的必须加以改造的外界对象的基础上，以主体尺度为尺度对客体进行评价，同时又以客体尺度为尺度对主体需要进行评价，从而确立价值尺度。人们依据这种尺度来选择最佳实践方案并付诸实践活动，最终创造出符合主体需要的一个个价值物来；人们对这个价值物的享用，也就满足了人的生存和发展的需要，至此一个完整的价值活动过程完成了。人类的生活是一个无限的过程。价值活动亦是如此，并呈现人类的生活状态。价值活动由人的生理活动、心理活动、实践活动、秩序活动以及自然物质活动等构成一个大的生命活动系统。缺少其中任何一个活动或因素，价值活动都是无法进行的。在人和自然之间的关系中，价值关系是最基本的关系，认识关系和实践关系从根本上说都是由价值关系决定的。价值关系不仅渗透在认识关系和实践关系之中，而且是它们的根本目的；认识和实践不过是实现价值的手段。价值活动的内在根据是人的需要的双重性缺乏。需要的双重性缺乏是指：一是人自身某种东西的缺乏，二是人的需要所指向的对象在自然界中的缺乏，即没有现成的存在物与之相对应。价值活动中的认识是指对价值事实的认识。在人类的视野里，真正的事实就只有价值事实。价值事实存在于主体客体相互作用的运动之中。它包括关于客体对象的性质、结构、功能等事实，包括有关于主体人的需要等主体事实，以及包括关于客体事实和主体事实之间关系事实。所有这一切事实的总和就是价值事实。认识的目的和结果不是获得真理性的认识，而是价值性认识。价值性认识包括关于客体的真理性认识，包括人们对自己需要、目的、愿望等内在规定性的认识，还包括理想价值物的建构性认识。人们就是依据建构性认识把自然物加工整合成为一个个可为人直接享用的价值物。人类认识任务只有一个，即价值认识。真理是因为八 硕士学位论又 w MASTER’S THESIS一 价值而产生的，它只不过是达到价值性认识的一个中间环节，而非认识的真正 任务。人的生存和发展的效益尺度是价值尺度。主体需要不可能是价值尺度。 价值尺度是检验认识活动及其结果的标准：价值尺度是检验实践活动及其结果 的标准。人只有在价值活动中，他才拥有自己的世界，人就定位于他的价值活 动之中。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of man’s existence and development is a value problem. Value means desirable effectiveness of objects that are recreated by man. These objects are goals sought by man. Value activities are forms of man’s existence. While evaluating objects outside according to subjective yardstick, man must at the same time evaluate demand of subject in the light of objective yardstick, and then man establish value yardstick. Basing on this, man selects practice program and puts it into practice to recreate various value products that tally with demand of man in the end. Enjoying the use of the value products meets the demand of man’s existence and development-the whole course of a value activity is finished. Man’s life is endless, and so are value activities. Value activities prevail on the state of man’s life. Value activity is a large system of life activities, consisting of man’s physiological activities, psychological activities, practical activities, order activities and natural matter activities, which are indispensable to value activities. Relation of value is the most basic relation between man and nature, of which relation of cognition and relation of practice are fundamentally born. Cognition and practice are only means to accomplish value. Value activities originate inherently from dual deficient of demand of man. Cognition in the course of value activities is cognition of value facts. In man’s vision, only value facts are the true facts. Value facts lie in the process of subject-object interaction. Value facts consist of objective facts of the properties, structure function and so on, subjective facts about subjective demand and facts of relation between subject and object. True purpose and outcome of cognition is value cognition but not truth. In fact, value cognition consists of truth about object, cognition about subjective demand and constitutive cognition. According to constitutive cognition, natural materials are remade into various value products providing for man’s enjoyment for himself. In fact, task for man’s cognition is merelyvalue cognition. Truth, brought about for value, is no more than a intermediary for achieving value cognition, but not genuine task of cognition. Yardstick of man’s existence and development is Yardstick of value, to which all man’s activities must abide. It is the criterion both for judging activities and outcome of man’s cognition and for practical activities and result. Only in the course of value activities, does man have his world of himself, and locates in the course of value activities in the world.更多还原