【作者】 潘力军；

【导师】 钱英；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 由于经济的发展、人们生活水平的提高，水的需求量大幅度增加，同时水源水质的恶化、地下水的枯竭、地表水的严重污染迫使人们不断寻求新的方法来解决这个问题。其中可从宏观上调配水资源，如众所周知的引黄入津工程，另一个重要的措施就是提高水质。但是传统的水处理方法仍然不能满足人们对水质的需求，所以采用新的处理技术来获得优质的生活和生产用水就显得非常必要。膜技术就是其中一种在未来水处理行业极具发展潜力的新兴技术，同时它还可以取代传统工业生产中的过滤技术。本文的主要内容就是研究超滤膜在给水和排水的深度处理及葡萄酒过滤澄清方面的应用，由以下三个方面的内容组成。第一部分研究了采用外压聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混超滤膜对自来水进行直接过滤的可行性，考察了膜的抽吸时间、反冲洗流量大小、膜组件的摆放方式和添加粒状活性炭等因素对降低膜污染的效果，研究了三种共混超滤膜对自来水中的微量三致物质前驱物、浊度和无机离子的去除情况。研究结果表明：三种共混超滤膜均能较好的去除自来水中的微量三致物质前驱物和浊度，聚氯乙烯-聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVC-PVB)共混超滤膜能够截留自来水中的部分钙铁离子，对镁离子没有影响。第二部分研究了采用外压聚氯乙烯-氯醋共混超滤膜对模拟生活污水进行处理的可行性，考察了膜的操作压力、制水流量、抽吸时间、活性污泥浓度和添加粒状活性炭等因素对膜水通量的影响，膜组件的摆放方式、反应池的曝气方式等对膜污染的影响及对活性污泥的混合效果，研究了膜对模拟生活污水中CODcr、浊度的去除效果。结果表明：在池上清液CODcr浓度波动较大的情况下，膜出水的CODcr在绝大部分时间内低于50mg/L，达到了建设部生活杂用水的标准；而膜出水的浊度则可以稳定在5NTU以下,小于建设部生活杂用水5NTU<WP=4>的标准，这些数据说明，聚氯乙烯-氯醋共混应用于模拟生活污水处理是可行的。第三部分研究了采用内压聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）超滤膜对半干红葡萄酒进行过滤澄清的可行性，考察了膜面流速和膜的操作压力对膜通量的影响，研究了膜对半干红葡萄酒中的色度、浊度、电导率和糖度的影响和膜污染后的清洗方法。结果表明：在较好的保留半干红葡萄酒原有风味的条件下，PVDF超滤膜可以较好的去除葡萄酒的浊度，平均去除率为90%，其透过液在室温保存半年无沉淀生成；其对葡萄酒的色度影响较小，平均去除率为20%；其对电导率和糖度基本没有影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy and increase of living level, the demand quantity of water is greatly increased. At the same time, the exacerbation of water quality in the riverhead, the drying up of ground water and the severe pollution of surface water all force people to find a solution to the problem continuously. It is feasible to prepare the water resource in the macroscopic side, such as the project "Ying Huang Ru Jin" .The another important means is increasing the water quality, but the conventional treatment methods of water cann’t satisfy the requirement of people, so it is necessary to acquire high quality water of production and life with the new treatment methods of water. Among them, membrane technology is a very new and potential way to develop in the future of treatment vocation of water, and it may also replace the filtration technique in the traditional industry manufacture.This research thesis mainly studies the application of ultrafiltration membrane in the depth treatment of the feedwater and drainage and filtration of half dry red grape wine, which is made up of three aspects as follows. In the first part of research, the feasibility that three different PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) blend membranes of outside-in directly filtrated the tap water is explored; the pumping time of membrane, the flow dimension of backwashing, the putting method of membrane module and the accession of the granular activated carbon etc in decreasing the fouling of membrane are inspected, and the effect of the blend membranes in removing the premonitory matter of THM(Trihalomethane), the turbidity and the inorganic ion of tap water was investigated. The result shows: three blend membranes all can better remove the fractional premonitory matter of THM and the turbidity; the blend membrane of PVC-PVB (Polyvinyl Chloride -Polyvinylbutyral) can wipe off the ion of calcium and iron in some degree and has no influence in the concentration of magnesium. On the second part, the feasibility that the PVC-CEVA (Polyvinyl Chloride - Chlorine Vinegar) blend membrane of outside-in disposes the simulated domestic wastewater is studied; the influences in the membrane water flux of factor such as the operation pressure of membrane, flux, pumping time, concentration of activated sludge and accession of the granular activated carbon etc are inspected, the effect in the fouling of membrane of the putting method of membrane module and activated<WP=6>sludge mixed effect of gas method in the reactive pond are investigated; the removal of CODcr and turbidity in the effluent water of membrane are studied. The object list is bright: under the bigger circumstances of changing of the CODcr’s concentration at upper effluent liquid of reactive pond, the CODcr’s concentration of water that are filtrated from membrane is under 50mg/L in the majority of time, which has achieved the standard of the else life using water that is stipulated by the construction ministry; and the turbidity of effluent water of membrane can be stabilized below 5NTU, which is smaller than the standard of 5NTU stipulated by the construction ministry, these data explain that it is viable to treat the simulated domestic wastewater with the PVC-CEVA blend membrane. In the third part, the viability that the PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) hollow fiber membrane of inside-out filtrates and clears half dry red grape wine is studied, the influence in the flux of membrane of velocity of flow and pressure in the surface of membrane is inspected; and the influences of membrane in the chromaticity, turbidity, sugar, the rate of conductance of half dry red grape wine and the rinsing method of fouled membrane are studied. The object demonstrates: under the condition of better retaining original taste of half dry red grape wine, PVDF ultrafiltration membrane can better decrease the turbidity of grape wine whose average removal rate is 90%, and the filtrate has no sedimentation when it is preserved in the room temperature half a year; the reduction of the chromaticity更多还原