【作者】 马强；

【导师】 胡德夫； 苏化龙；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 川金丝猴是我国特有的灵长类动物，属国家一级保护物种。迄今有关该物种的生态学和行为学研究比较少，不利于对其实施有效的保护。为此，2000年10月～2002年6月，我们对栖息于湖北小神农架地区的川金丝猴种群通过跟踪观察在年龄组成、食物资源与食性、夜宿地点及选择、繁殖生态、活动规律和游荡模式等方面进行了初步研究，结果如下： 1．在小神农架地区，川金丝猴种群中各年龄组个体比例存在差异，雄性成年猴、雌性成年猴、青年猴和少年猴的比例分别是28.3％、32.0％、10.4％、28.0％，其中，雌猴比例高于雄猴，其原因被认为是在金丝猴成长过程中，雄猴因护群等行为而导致死亡率高于雌猴。从本项研究得出的年龄结构看，该地区的川金丝猴种群属于稳定型。 2．本项研究表明，川金丝猴取食植物的叶、嫩枝、芽苞、浆果、种子、树皮、松萝、嫩松叶、地衣、苔藓等，种类达45种。通过与陕西秦岭和四川卧龙两处国家级自然保护区的川金丝猴食性的比较，得出生活于不同生境的川金丝猴在其食物组成上存在一定差异，但小神农架地区川金丝猴的食物谱与后两个地区的相似，说明该区域川金丝猴的食物条件较好。 3．川金丝猴日活动节律十分明显，对夜宿地点表现出较强的选择性，本项研究揭示出，猴群一般在天完全黑下来之前较迅速地移动到夜宿地，而非以往研究者所认为的猴群在天黑前临时寻找夜宿地。 4．在本研究区域，川金丝猴日活动有往返移动于夜宿地和取食区的情况，而在年周期中，猴群表现为围绕小神农架按顺时针方向游荡的规律，文中对活动路线和该规律形成的原因做了较详细的记述和分析。 5．通过实际观察，我们认为小神农架地区的川金丝猴从3月中上旬即开始产仔。 依据本项研究的数据，针对研究区域内存在的威胁川金丝猴生存的因素，文中具体提出了改善保护措施和改变当地居民传统生活方式以保护该物种的具体建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese snub-nosed monkey, being endemic species and listed as rank I protected animal in China, has so far been relatively little known in the ecology and ethology as so not to benefit its effective conservation. The studies on the age structure, food items and spectrum, sleeping site selection, reproductive ecology, daily activity and yearly wandering pattern were conducted with tracking and observing methods in Xiaoshennongjia District, Hubei Province within October, 2000 to June, 2002. The main conclusions from this research are as follows.1. In Xiaoshennongjia district the proportion of each age group of Chinese snub-nosed monkey show significant difference, the male adults, female adults, young and juveniles amount for 28.3 %, 32.0%, 10.42, 28.0%, respectively, of them, the females proportion is higher than the that of the males, the reason is considered that, the death ratio of the males due to protecting whole monkey group is higher than the males during growing up. From the age structure of the studied monkey group, they belong to stable population.2. The research reveal that, Chinese snub-nosed monkey selectively feed the food items of leaves, fresh shoots, buds, berry, seeds, bark, fresh pine leaves, lichen and moss, etc, all these reach up to 45. By comparison with food habits of Chinese snub-nosed monkey in Qinling -Mountain, Shanxi Province and Wolong district, Sichuan Province, both are national reserve with good habitats for monkey. The results show that the monkey food spectrum present certain different from, but is similar with those of Qinling and Wolong monkey, that indicates the monkey in Xiaoshennongjia has good food condition.3. The daily activity rhythm of Chinese snub-nosed monkey is obvious, and also the monkey show strong preference to sleeping site. The present results demonstrate monkey is fast moving to the sleeping site before complete darkness falls down. These sites for sleeping are relatively fixed within a certain period, which was ever considered by other researchers that monkey looked for sleeping site at random beforeevening darkness.4. Chinese snub-nosed monkey in studying area show the going out and back activities between sleeping and feeding sites, but in yearly circle the monkey moves and wanders clockwise around Xiaoshennongjia Mountainland . The reason for forming the pattern of this behavior is discussed and analyzed in detail.5. The field observation indicates that Chinese snub-nosed monkey in Xiaoshennongjia district gives birth of young about early-middle March.In terms of present research, this thesis lists the threat factors to Chinese snub-nosed monkey living here, and the concrete suggestions for improving protection measures and the changing traditional living manners of local people are put forth as to effectively conserve this Chinese snub-nosed monkey in Xiaoshennongjia district.更多还原